Today's Europe has only one 'new' monarchy and that is Spain. Many European countries saw their monarchs disappear in the wake of WW 1, never to return. Those that still are monarchies have royal Houses that usually date from way back. Most of today's European monarchies have no great role in Europe.
In the case of Spain, its newly returned King Juan Carlos almost immediately resigned the near-
dictatorial powers given to him by his predecessor, Spain's dictator Franco. Then he set to work to turn Spain into a democracy, which he accomplished in a relatively short time. Through this process, he made his country elegible for membership of the European Union.
With the middle of the fifteenth century came a revival of monarchs who attempted to quell the violence in Europe that the feudal lords failed to do. They could not return peace to the continent. The new monarchies curbed the power of feudal lords and laid a foundation for a return to regional nationalism. The royal families were not new, their ancestors had ceded powers they once had to the feudal lords. Now, the resulting chaos allowed for the return the royal families from a period called the High Middle Ages.The "new monarchs" offered a guarantee of Law and Order and appealed among the people a latent sentiment that feudalism never quite eradicated. The new monarchs sought to return rules based on heredity. This allowed for a peaceful transition of power when a king or queen died.
Women
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cinnamon!
Yes, the Europeans did BRING the bible to the Americas, along with the majority of our culture.
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Native Americans had been using leather for thousands of years. While Europeans certainly brought some with them it was not new to the New World.
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