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They are called enzymes.

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Q: What do we call a chemical that breaks down large molecules of food into smaller molecules of food?
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What is the chemical reactions that allow large molecules to be broken apart into smaller molecules by adding water called?

This process is called hydrolysis.


What breaks down large molecules?

Larger molecules become smaller molecules by chemical reactions referred to as decomposition reactions. These can be as simple as oxidation, or as complex as catalyzed reduction of hydrocarbons (oil). The chemical reactions can be triggered by other reactive chemicals, by catalysts, or by the addition of energy (heat, electric current). They can be spontaneous or be deliberate, and they can sometimes be self-sustaining, as in a cascade reaction.


What chemical reactions that break down molecules into smaller ones?

The type of reaction responsible for the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones is referred to as the catabolic reaction or catabolism.


What is the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones with the release of energy?

Digestion breaks down large food particles into small molecules like fatty acids, amino acids, nucleic acids, and sugars. Cellular respiration breaks down small molecules to release their energy and store it in the form of an accessible energy carrier, ATP.


What is a physiological change as a result of a catabolic chemical reaction?

Catabolism is the breaking down of things - a series of degradative chemical reactions that break down complex molecules into smaller units, and in most cases releasing energy in the process. ~One physiological changes is digestion of large food molecules into various nutrients.

Related questions

Which process breaks down large food molecules into smaller molecules using enzymes?

Chemical digestion


A general process which breaks down large molecules into smaller ones?

The process that breaks up molecules into smaller units is called catabolism. Large molecules, such as nucleic acids, are broken down into smaller molecules, such as amino acids.


What breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules?

nuclear explosions or bacteria


What process uses enzymes to breakdown large molecules to smaller absorbable molecules?

chemical digestion


What breaks down fats into globules?

Bile is the chemical which breaks up large fat globules into smaller droplets. It doesn't digest the lipid molecules; it just increases the surface area to aid enzymes in the small intestine.


What chemical reaction formed these large molecules what reaction would be needed to break these molecules?

cellular respiration, water breaks it down


What is hydrolysis of large biological molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed by cells?

chemical digestion


What is a degradation?

A degradation reaction breaks down a large molecule into smaller molecules. For example, the enzyme catalase breaks down Hydrogen Peroxide into Oxygen and Water.


What is the chemical reactions that allow large molecules to be broken apart into smaller molecules by adding water called?

This process is called hydrolysis.


When a chemical reaction releases energy it is called what reaction?

An exergonic reaction is a catabolic reaction where large molecules are split into smaller molecules in processes such as hydrolysis.


What breaks down large molecules?

Larger molecules become smaller molecules by chemical reactions referred to as decomposition reactions. These can be as simple as oxidation, or as complex as catalyzed reduction of hydrocarbons (oil). The chemical reactions can be triggered by other reactive chemicals, by catalysts, or by the addition of energy (heat, electric current). They can be spontaneous or be deliberate, and they can sometimes be self-sustaining, as in a cascade reaction.


What is a degradation reaction?

A degradation reaction breaks down a large molecule into smaller molecules. For example, the enzyme catalase breaks down Hydrogen Peroxide into Oxygen and Water.