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5' end (nucleotides are added from 3' toward 5')
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∙ 15y ago
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How does the DNA replication takes place?
When DNA replication takes place weaker hydrogen bonds that join complementary bonds together become broken. The two different sides of the DNA ladder start to unravel. The parent strands, however, stay joined. The parent strands that remain become molds to nucleotides, that attach themselves to complementary bases. Polymerases fuse those free nucleotides into the DNA strand. Step 1: A special enzyme (helicase) "unzips" the double helix that is the DNA and Single Strand Binding Proteins stabilise the structure. Step 2: A primer with a short DNA sequence complementary to a region on the parental strand is added by a primase to allow replication to occur. Step 3: Another enzyme (DNA polymerase) combines free-floating deoxyribonucleosides triphosphate to their corresponding nucleotides that are attached to the DNA strand, attaching the free nucleotide to the 3' OH tail of the previous section, forming a complementary strand of DNA from the 5' to 3' direction. Really it's that easy. When it's finished, there are two identical strands of DNA, assuming no mutations occured.
Where do they cut the DNA strand?
They direct a specific Restriction Enzyme to cut the Dna Exactly where required.
Which enzyme would cut for this strand of DNA gcatggatcccaatgc?
gcgtagg
How do you calculate the GC content in a DNA strand?
Very Carefully
Role of component used in PCR?
TemplateThe template consists of the DNA region which will be amplified during the reaction. The template is one of the two strands in the double helix and is the point where the new strand will start to be built.Primers:There are two primers that are complemantary to the 3’ on the DNA strand. Without them the reaction can’t start.DNA polymerase:The DNA polymerase is a polymerase enzyme that builds/synthesizes DNA molecules out of its own nucleotide building blocks. This enzyme is essential for DNA replication (which is why it’s being used in PCR) and usually, it is working in pairs since it transforms a double stranded DNA molecule into two double-stranded helixes.MgCl2 concentration:Forms a soluble complex together with dNTP which produces the substrate that the polymerese recognizes. Without this, the polymerase will have trouble starting, if at all.dNTP (Deoxynucleoside triphosphate):These are nucleotides which contains triphosphate groups. These groups, also commonly named “building blocks”, are the ones from which the DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand.
What enzyme links DNA nucleotides to a growing daughter strand?
DNA Polymerase
What attaches free nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?
During DNA replication, DNA polymerase binds free DNA nucleotides to an unzipped DNA strand. During transcription, RNA polymerase binds free RNA nucleotides to the unzipped anti-sense DNA strand.
Is DNA a single strand of nucleotides?
No, DNA, from difference with the RNA, is a double strand of nucleotides. DNA, double strand (hence the double helix nickname). RNA, single strand.
When the wrong nucleotides are added to a strand of DNA during DNA replication they can never be repaired?
Plato .... False
An okazaki fragment has which of the following arrangements?
5' DNA to 3' Bipin
What direction does RNA polymerase move along the DNA?
Nucleotides are being added as RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand.
What are the enzymes that are responisble for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA bases during replication?
DNA polymerases. As an incoming nucleotide base-pairs with it's complement on the template strand, a DNA polymerase adds it to the end of the growing daughter strand (polymer).
What is adding base pairs to the strand?
Base pairing between the DNA template strand and the RNA nucleotides
How does DNA polymerase function in DNA replication?
DNA Polymerase III is responsible for adding new nucleotides to the strand being created. DNA Polymerase I replaces the primers with DNA nucleotides. The fragments are then joined together by ligase, and a new strand has been created.
What is two major rules of DNA polymerase in the process of DNA replication?
One major rule of DNA polymerase is that it can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction. This means that it adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand by linking the 3' end of the incoming nucleotide with the 5' phosphate group of the previous nucleotide. Another rule is that DNA polymerase requires a primer, a short segment of RNA or DNA, to initiate DNA synthesis. The primer provides a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin adding nucleotides.
What type of bond is between nucleotides?
In producing a strand of DNA the nucleotides combine to form phosphodiester bonds.
Is strand of nucleotides in the RNA or DNA?
Both, but RNA sometimes only has 1 side of unpaired nucleotides.
