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When the last U.S. fighting forces left Vietnam in April , 1973, every province in South Vietnam was under friendly control; the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was trained and equipped to carry on their defense of South Vietnam.

Within two years, the North Vietnamese Army had captured every northern province of South Vietnam, and rolled a tank onto the presidential palace grounds in April, 1975 to accept the surrender of the South Vietnam President.

That surrender unified Vietnam into a single country governed by the Communist government in Hanoi.

Many South Vietnamese fled the country into refugee camps in Thailand and the Philippines - many eventually settling in Australia, Europe, the United States and Canada.

Other former South Vietnam officials or sympathizers were placed in 'reeducation camps,' many for several years before the agreed to live peaceably under the Communist regime.

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