Answer 1
Because there was the Ottoman Empire and Abbasid Empire that spread throughout Asia, North Africa, And Southern Europe. Besides Muslims merchants and travelers took Islam all the way to India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Central Asia, etc.
Answer 2
Islam spread quickly due to a number of factors.
1) Arabia - What's that?: Prior to Mohammed, Arabia had been seen as a cultural and political backwater barely worth notice and therefore Mohammed's consolidation of the Arab Tribes was not seriously considered by the Byzantine and Sassanian Empires. This lead to a very porous southern defense and miscalculation of the Islamic Armies.
2) Byzantine-Sassanian Wars: Since the Byzantines and Sassanians considered each other the only real civilizations in the region, they fought each other numerous times in the early 600s C.E. over control of what is today East Turkey and Iraq. These were intense religious wars (Christian vs. Zoroastrian) and greatly weakened both empires at just the wrong time.
3) Tribal Command Structure: Arab Tribes and warriors owed their loyalty to their Sheikhs and leaders without fault because the Sheikh provided each person with all of the amenities and protection necessary to live a full life. Whenever the Arabs went to war, the Sheikhs could count on the ability to muster their tribesmen as soldiers without issue.
4) Support of the Locals: Since the Byzantine Empire and Sassanian Empire were engaged in religious zealotry, it stands to reason that they did not tolerate their religious minorities very well. The Muslims professed to (and did) treat minorities far better than either of these Empires. This led to religious minorities (especially Jews) from within the conquered territories helping Muslims to secure outposts and positions, freeing the Muslims to continue to spread the religion.
5) Citizenship by Conversion: The Islamic Empire was interesting in that being the leader or a person of import in the Empire was not contingent on ethnicity or place of birth as was the case of most prior empires. All a person had to do to gain power and prestige was to convert to Islam. This simple integration mechanism resulted in massive number of Persians, Berbers, and Turks converting to Islam. In fact, the furthest expansions of Islam (Spain, India, West China, South Russia, the Balkans) were all accomplished by non-Arabs (respectively Berbers, Persians/Mughals, Turkmen, Azeris, and Ottomans).
6) Warfare: The leaders charged with expanding the influence of Islam were thoughtful and diligent military leaders. Caliph 'Omar, who conquered much of the Levant, Egypt, Persia, and Iraq was well-known as a strategist and a fighter. It was this knowledge of warfare that allowed Muslim forces to expand the territory's influence.
7) Universality: Islam, as a religion, claims salvation for all people in all places, making the religion very attractive, especially to people born into low castes and bead economic positions.
8) Commerce: Islam, like most religions, spread also through peaceful means of commerce and education whereby non-Muslims learned of the faith and adopted as their own amidst business dealings with Muslims.
Muslims were succssesful afteer muhammads death because as the years went on people started to take notice in his teachings.
It was muhammads wife death.
Yes, after Muhammads death Abu Bakr became the next leader of Islam for two years.
Muslims are against the death penalty as the religion of Islam is all about peace.
They're threatened with death if they try. Quitting Islam is a lot like quitting a violent street gang. Most Muslims are not interested in leaving Islam. They believe in God and His Prophet as framed by Islam.
as the same as they treated them before his death, with respect but there some them who fought Muslims, so Muslims fought back
muhammads caliphs
H. Abu Bakar sidique Ra the first caliph was leader of Muslims after death of Prophet Muhammad SAW.
After the death of the last Prophet of Islam Hazrat Muhammad (SAW), the Muslims carried the message of Islam to different parts of the world. During the reign of The Second Rightful caliph, Hazrat Omar (RAU), the Muslims conquered almost one-third of the world and succeeded in establishing the Muslim Empire.
a true Muslims tries to prepare himself for death and then meeting God.
Your question is unclear. Approximately 97% of the population are Muslims. Proselytising by other religions is prohibited. Apostasy (changing from Islam to any other religion) is punishable by death
ISLAM did not and will not die. IF you mean the causes of Muslims' death? Well, Muslims are like other humans vonerable to death and can die for the same reasons just like other humans around the world. Every human being, every creature must die one day when it comes to him. Today death may skip you on his way to others, but one day it will skip others on his way to you! Death in Islam is called "the Preacher" because it reminds Muslims that one day they will have to leave this planet to the grave and be punished or rewarded for their deeds. They must work hard here to gain Allah's love and mercy before they go to the grave where no chance to return and do good or improve the wrong you did. But, Muslims are the least who commit suicides.
The Makkans opposed the holy Prophet (SAW) as soon as he started preaching Islam, and told the people to worship One and Only Almighty Allah. They tortured the followers of Islam. However, after the death of holy Prophet's (SAW) uncle Abu Talib, the Makkans increased their atrocities and violence against the Muslims, most of them slaves, poor and downtrodden.