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At the same time whole regions in France declared against the revolutionary Government. As a result, the leaders of the Revolution had to deal simultaneously with armies of invading kings who wished to restore the King of France Louis XVI and with revolts in France itself.

The result was a radicalization within the revolutionary leadership. The radical Jacobin fraction within Parliament under Maximilien Robbespierre grabbed power. Generals who were unsucsessful against the invading armies were immediately replaced and recalled to Paris where more often than not, they were sent to the guillotine. The revolts within France were surpressed with great cruelty and loss of lives. This period, lasting about one year, has gone down in history as The Terror or The Great Terror.

France did manage to drive back the foreign armies and the revolutionary leadership did retain control over the rebellious regions during that year. Robbespierre himself also met a violent end: he made the mistake of telling his fellow members of Parliament that he would produce a death list of a great number of them as 'counter-revolutionary elements'. Only, he had not thought of the fact that these fellow members were the very persons who kept him in power. So when they saw that now their own lives were in danger, they immediately voted to have him arrested. The next day, Robbespierre died under the guillotine.

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Q: What happened when the French revolutionaries took on the European monarchs in the war in 1792?
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