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Makki is an Arabic word as an adjective to what relevant to Makka (or Mecca) town in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Madani is also an Arabic word as an adjective to what is relevant to AlMadina (Medina) town that is also located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Quran revelation to Prophet Mohamed by God, through the Angel Gabriel (Jibril), started in year 610 AD in Mecca and continued revelation in Mecca until Prophet Immigration to Medina in year 622 AD. Quran revelation continued in Medina until Prophet Mohamed death in year 632 AD including part of Quran revelation in Mecca while prophet Mohamed was back in Mecca for some period after his immigration.

So, Quran chapters or Souar (plural of Surat) where called Makki or Madani according to one of two definitions:

  • Either based primarily on the revelation place: All chapters revealed while prophet Mohamed was in Mecca are called Makki and all that revealed while he was in Medina are called Madani, or
  • based primarily on the revelation time: All chapters revealed before prophet immigration to Medina are Makki and all that revealed after prophet immigration to Medina are called Madani.
Both approaches are acceptable.
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Q: What is Makki and Madani?
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