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A wiring harness helps accelerate manufacturing and assembly of vehicles, and helps speed up repairs. Wires to support common systems are bundled together and are connected using special plugs. The easiest example of a wiring harness is on a car stereo. Almost all modern OEM car stereos (the one that comes with the car not aftermarket) only has two or three connections. One is the main wiring harness for power, speaker outputs, a signal wire to control the dimming of the display at night. This might be square or rectangle and pulled out as one plug. The "male" connection is usually on the back of the stereo, the "female" connection is the wiring harness. The second connection is the AM/FM radio antenna connection. The third connection might lead to an optional auxilary device like a CD changer, XM/Sirus Radio receiver, tape deck, DVD player, etc. etc. This would also be a wiring harness and could have a number of connections.
The benefits is it makes it much easier to remove/replace components in a car, easier to route wires and cable systems through a vehicle, and makes it easier for a manufacturer to add or remove options. An example of this is from 1999 to 2003 GMT800 platform vehicles (Chevrolet Silverado, Tahoe, Suburban, Avalanche, GMC Yukon, Cadillac Escalade, EXT, etc. etc.) you can simply swap out the driver instrument panel (speedometer, tacometer, etc.) by unplugging a single wiring harness and plugging in a new one. Many owners of Chevy trucks took out the basic white/orange 85 MPH speedometer instrument cluster and replaced it in minutes with a Yukon Denali or Cadillac Escalade panel, that offered more gauges and a different style/layout.
Here are some pics of wiring harnesses.
http://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?q=wiring+harness&FORM=BIRE
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