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What is an interrupt How are multiple interrupts dealt with?
Roshansubba
An interrupt is a request to execute different code, initiated usually by a hardware condition such as data-ready or operation-complete, but also sometimes initiated by the running program. The processor saves its immediate state, IP and Flags, on the stack and loads a new IP value, effectively doing a CALL sequence to some interrupt service routine. The routine does whatever processing is required, and returns, restoring the running program.
Under normal conditions, the interrupt response sequence disables further interrupts, so that recursive entry does not occur. The service routine reenables interrupts just before returning, so that pending or further interrupts can be processed.
If multiple interrupt levels are to be supported, such as in the 8085, the interrupt service routine can set the interrupt mask, blocking the level in progress, and then reenable interrupts. This way, a second interrupt on a higher level can be processed while the first interrupt is being processed. On return, the lower level interrupt disables interrupts, restores the mask, and then reenables interrupts prior to return.
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Should any device be allowed to interrupt CPU while another interrupts are being serviced?
It is possible to allow nested interrupts. This is often done when there is a heirarchy of interrupts, some with higher priority than others. In order for this to work, the second interrupt must not be allowed to influence the progress of the first interrupt. We call this being "thread safe". In a nested scheme, an interrupt mask is set so that higher priority interrupts can be permitted, while blocking interrupts of the same or lower priority, and then interrupts are reenabled during the interrupt service routine. At the conclusion of the first routine, interrupts are disabled again, the mask is restored, and the normal interrupt return sequence is executed. In the 8085, this can be supported using the Read Interrupt Mask (RIM) and Set Interrupt Mask (SIM) instructions. While not strictly required, the logical priority is often INTR, RST5.5, RST6.6, RST7.5, and then TRAP, in order of increasing priority.
What is the meaning of maskable hardware interrupt?
A maskable hardware interrupt is one that can be disabled, or masked, by instructions in the CPU. In the 8085, all interupts except TRAP and (software) RST N can be masked by disabling interrupts, and RST7.5, RST6.5, and RST5.5 can be individually masked with the SIM (Set Interrupt Mask) instruction. In general, you leave interrupts disabled until one instruction before returning. In the case of the RST*.5 interrupts, you can mask it during interrupt processing and then enable interrupts, allowing other levels to interrupt you again. At the conclusion of the interrupt routine, you would disable interrupts, restore the mask, enable interrupts, and return. If you use this method, you can choose the nesting priority as desired. You determine what mask to set using the RIM (Read Interrupt Mask) instruction and then do bit manipulation before using SIM.
What address does an 8085 start at and what address do the interrupts go to?
At reset, the 8085 starts at location 0000H. The INTR interrupt goes wherever the interrupt opcode says to go. The TRAP interrupt goes to 0024H. The RST5.5, RST6.5, and RST7.5 interrupts go to 002CH, 0034H, and 003CH respectively. The RST X interrupts goto 0000H plus 10H times X, i.e. 0000H, 0008H, 0010H, ..., 0038H.
What is a TrapHandler?
A trap handler, also called an interrupt handler or interrupt service routine (ISR) is a program that executes when predefined events occur in a computer. There are software and hardware interrupts. An interrupt causes the computer's processor to stop running its current task and immediately run the trap handler to service the interrupt.
What is the lowest priority interrupt in the 8085 microprocessor?
The lowest priority interrupt in the 8085 microprocessor is INTR, unless you also consider the software interrupts, RST 0 through RST 7, which are even lower.
How are multiple interrupts dealt with?
There are 2 approaches to handle this situation,1.Disable interrupts while an interrupt is being processingin this approach, when the processor is being processing an interrupt, the processor ignores any new interrupt signal and these new signals have to wait in a queue and processor will check after the currently processing interrupt is finished.2. Defining priorities for interruptsin this case, each interrupt has a priority value. When the processor is being executing an interrupt, another interrupt can interrupt and gain the processor if the second interrupt has a higher priority than first oneSource- William Stallings, operating systems Sorry, the word you are looking for is not in the Database
How interrupt is performed using 8259-?
The interrupt process is simple. The 8259 is combined with many interrupts inputs.
What is interrupts and list classes of interrupts in operating system?
An interrupt is an event that alters the sequence in which the processor execute instructions. It is generated by hardware of computer system. Classes of interrupt:- IBM processor has six types of interrupts. * svc interrupt(supervisor call) *input/output interrupts *external interrupts *Restart interrupts *Program check interrupt *Machine check interrupts
What are the main classes of interrupt?
There are six classes of interrupt: *Supervisor Call Interrupts (SVC) *I/O Interrupts *External Interrupts *Restart Interupts *Program Check Interrupt *Machine Check Interrupts
What is maskable in Intel 8085 microprocessore?
Four of the interrupts in the Intel 8085 (INTR, RST5.5, RST6.5, and RST7.5) are maskable, while one interrupt (TRAP) is non-maskable.The eight RSTx type of software "interrupts" are not really interrupts, but if they were treated as interrupts, they would be non-maskable.
What is the noun form interrupt?
noun of interrupt,interruption interruptions,interrupts
Why there is a need for disabling interrupts in 8085?
Interrupt are automatically disabled on interrupt entry (except for TRAP, which is non-maskable) so that interrupts do not, by default, nest. You would also disable enterrupts surrounding a critical section of code that, perhaps, manipulated an interrupt register. It is possible to re-enable interrupts during an interrupt service routine. Typically, you would have a hierarchy, such as RST7.5, then RST 6.5, then RST 5.5. Initially, at interrupt entry, all interrupts are disabled. You could then manipulate the interrupt mask using the RIM and SIM instructions and enable further interrupts, allowing a nested architecture. At interrupt exit, then, you would disable interrupts, reset the mask, enable interrupts, and return from interrupt.
What is an 8085 interrupt?
There are 2 types interrupts in 8085 such as: 1)hardware interrupt 2)software interrupt
What are interrupts initiated by instructions called?
Those would be software interrupts. Interrupts initiated by the hardware would be hardware interrupts. While the socket a mouse is plugged into would use a hardware interrupt, a mouse driver would use a software interrupt.
What chip controls hardware interrupts?
Hardware interrupts can be controlled by the 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller
Name of instruction to reset the interrupt?
software interrupts
What happens when processor is attending an interrupt if it gets another interrupt?
The response to another interrupt request during servicing of an interrupt depends on the setting of the interrupt enable flag and/or the interrupt mask. If the interrupt service routine is thread safe, it will process correctly. More probably, problems will arise so the proper procedure is to either set the interrupt mask (8085) to not allow this or lower priority interrupts before reenabling interrupt, or to leave interrupts disabled until this iteration is complete. If interrupts are disabled or masked, a subsequent interrupt will be posted but not processed until the first is completed.
