Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is part of a group of disorders called hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemias.
PKD is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme, pyruvate kinase.
pyruvate
pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)
Pyruvate kinase is primarily found in the liver and red blood cells, but it is also present in muscle tissue. In muscle cells, it plays a crucial role in glycolysis, facilitating the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate while generating ATP. However, the isoforms of pyruvate kinase in muscle (PKM) are distinct from those in other tissues, reflecting the specific metabolic needs of muscle cells.
A diagnosis of PKD can be made by measuring the amount of pyruvate kinase in red blood cells.
Glucokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate kinase
There are very many enzymes involved. A few from glycolysis are: hexokinase and glucokinase, phosphohexose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase; from pyruvate decarboxylation are pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; and a few from the Kreb's cycle are: aconitase, alpha-ketoglutamate dehydrogenase, succinate thiokinase, and fumarase.
this is shamefully vague question. In glycolysis, glucose and (hexokinase, phosphogluco-mutase, aldolase, triose-phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate-kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase and pyruvate kinase) enzymes are used.
Philip Dykshoorn has written: 'Identification of an upstream activating sequence of the yeast pyruvate kinase gene (PYK)'
This reaction is a phosphorylation reaction where phosphoenolpyruvate transfers a phosphate group to ADP to form pyruvate and ATP. It is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase, an important step in glycolysis for ATP production.
Pyruvate kinase deficiency is an inherited condition that typically affects individuals of Northern European descent. It can manifest at any age, but symptoms often become apparent during infancy or childhood. Close relatives of someone with the condition are at a higher risk of also carrying the genetic mutation.
The steps of glycolysis that are irreversible are the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase, the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase-1, and the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase.