I think this refers to "granulation".
They could see solar flares during total solar eclipses. They could probably not see them on the surface of the sun....but they could of seen the Borialis' they could probably not see them on the surface of the sun....but they could of seen the Borialis'
It will cool the earth's surface as radiation from the sun is blocked from entering the atmosphere
A combination of things. First, Venus is much closer to the sun than earth, so its surface receives more radiant energy from the sun. Add to that the fact that Venus is surrounded by a thick layer of carbon dioxide clouds, which create a runaway greenhouse effect. Bottom line: Venus's surface is about 800 degrees hotter than earth's surface.
it allows solar radiation to penetrate to the surface!
Surface of the sun is hotter.
It is because you are seeing hot gas rising and cool gas falling due to the convection that occurs beneath the surface of the sun.
The photosphere is the uppermost layer of the sun. It passes energy through this layer with a bubbling motion, carrying hotter, less dense material to the upper surface as the cooled, denser material sinks deeper into the surface.
Sunspot
Photosphere
Yes I have seen a dark spot on the Sun. It is called a "Sunspot". It is formed on the Sun's surface which is called the "photo-sphere" and is caused by a loop of the Sun's magnetic field poking though the Sun's surface.
solar flares
The sun provides the light seen on the moon, because the sun's rays hits the moon's surface
A surface current is produced by the sun and the earth's rotation. The sun produces wind causing surface currents. Waves are an effect of a surface current. Hope that this helped!
I assume you are talking about sunspots, as they are, in effect, "storms on the sun". They occur on or near the sun's surface.
Chromosphere
The photosphere.
The greenhouse effect