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what compensations does the body have to do to defend cardiac output
The normal venous return of blood flow refers to the amount of blood that is returned to the heart from the veins per unit of time. In a resting individual, the average venous return is approximately 5 liters of blood per minute. This value can fluctuate depending on factors such as physical activity or medical conditions.
The effect would be an increase in cardiac output. However, there is a maximum level and then the heart would not have time to fill fully and the output would decrease.
The effect would be an increase in cardiac output. However, there is a maximum level and then the heart would not have time to fill fully and the output would decrease.
The blood pressure & the cardiac output.
10 liters
Mean PA pressure divided by Fick cardiac output
It's decreased ... unless the rate falls, which is the normal cardiac response.
75
yes or true
Venous return must always match cardiac output. So a CO of 7.5 l/m mill mean a VR od 7.5 l/m
cardiac output :)
2 every 60 seconds
In 24 hours it's output is about 1.0 to 1.8 liters
An average cardiac output is 5 liters per minute. This would be 300 liters per hour and 7200 liters per day.
about 350 liters of blood pass in one day, so divide 350 liters by 24 which is about 14.5 liters per hour.
Cardiac output (CO) is determined by the heart rate (HR) and the volume of blood pumped by each beat (stroke volume - SV). Mathematically, cardiac output can be represented by the equation: CO = HR x SV As such, if total cardiac output falls as a result of decreased stroke volume, the heart rate can increase to keep the total cardiac output normal, to a certain extent. Stroke volume is more complicated; it is determined by many different factors, including preload, afterload, competence of the atrioventricular valves, ventricular cavity size, and the strength of the squeeze of the cardiac muscle, amongst others. Any change in one of these factors requires a compensation in one or more of the others to maintain cardiac output.