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What is the theory that within a sub level electrons prefer to occupy their own orbital?
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Hund's Rule
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How does the molecular order structure explain the magnetic properties of oxygen?
Molecular orbital theory predicts that ground state diatomic oxygen has two unpaired electrons (it is a diradical) which occupy its pi orbitals. These unpaired electrons produce a magnetic moment and are responsible for the paramagnetic property of diatomic oxygen.
What property describes how much energy must be added to an atom to remove an outermost electron?
The process is absorption of a photon. When energy like this is added to the system, if enough is added, then an electron can be ejected from the atom. The relevant theory involved with this is called 'band-gap' theory. Electrons are Fermions and as such obey the Pauli exclusion principle. This demands that no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state. Energy is quantised and therefore electrons can only take distinct energy levels at each orbital around an atom. The orbitals close to the nucleus are most tightly bound which means they must be given a tremendous energy to leave the atom. But if all the available slots in a particular orbital are filled, then an electron bound to the atom must occupy the next orbital further out. When all but the outer shell is filled, the only place for an electron attached to the atom is in this outer shell. In some atoms these electrons can be given enough energy by a photon to leave the atom and they do so because there are no further orbitals to occupy. In Silicon, this band-gap is 1.1 electron-volts. The figure varies by material.
What is the first energy level in helium called?
The first energy level in the quantum (current) theory of the atom is the 1s electron orbital, which can hold two electrons.The following energy levels go like this:1s22s22p63s23p64s24p63d105s25p64d106s2...And so on. (The first number being the energy level, the letter being the shape of the electron orbital, and the superscript being the number of electrons the orbital can hold.)
What is the main difference between Classical free Electron theory and Quantum free Electron theory?
Electrons are fermions and thus cannot occupy the same quantum states. They obey Fermi-Dirac statistics, and will occupy energy levels accordingly. This is different to the classica state where all electrons are pretty much equal (equal energies etc) and are not taken to be distrubuted amongst multiple states and energies. See Fermi Gas Model for a treatment of quantum free electron theory.
When was molecular orbital theory discovered?
Actually Bohr said that electrons traveled in circular orbits around the nucleus, yes their is a difference between an orbit and an orbital, and he introduced his theory in 1913.
How does the molecular order structure explain the magnetic properties of oxygen?
Molecular orbital theory predicts that ground state diatomic oxygen has two unpaired electrons (it is a diradical) which occupy its pi orbitals. These unpaired electrons produce a magnetic moment and are responsible for the paramagnetic property of diatomic oxygen.
What are paired electrons?
Pi electron pairs are electron pairs residing in the p orbital (as in s, p, d, f). This is the electron orbital responsible for double bonds and conjugated molecules according to molecular orbital theory.
How many electrons are present in an orbital formed from the overlap of two different atomic orbitals?
2 electrons. Each orbital can only have a maximum of 2 electrons according to quantum mechanics and more specifically Paulis theory... The over lap is occurring because each orbital only has 1 electron so the over lap when finished will have 2.
What is covalent bond theory?
A covalent bond forms when the orbitals of two atoms overlap and a pair of electrons occupy the overlap region is called covalent bond theory
What property describes how much energy must be added to an atom to remove an outermost electron?
The process is absorption of a photon. When energy like this is added to the system, if enough is added, then an electron can be ejected from the atom. The relevant theory involved with this is called 'band-gap' theory. Electrons are Fermions and as such obey the Pauli exclusion principle. This demands that no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state. Energy is quantised and therefore electrons can only take distinct energy levels at each orbital around an atom. The orbitals close to the nucleus are most tightly bound which means they must be given a tremendous energy to leave the atom. But if all the available slots in a particular orbital are filled, then an electron bound to the atom must occupy the next orbital further out. When all but the outer shell is filled, the only place for an electron attached to the atom is in this outer shell. In some atoms these electrons can be given enough energy by a photon to leave the atom and they do so because there are no further orbitals to occupy. In Silicon, this band-gap is 1.1 electron-volts. The figure varies by material.
How is the modern atomic theory different from Daltons atomic theory?
In Dalton's theory the electrons in the atom travel in a one layered orbital rotation around the nucleus, in the modern, or electron cloud, theory the electrons travel in a more radical patterned movement while still staying in their respected energy levels.
Why is d3 orbital more stable in water than d5?
Lets first take the case of the d3 compound. The no.of orbitals in the 3d shell is 5. If three electrons occupy three orbitals then there are two free orbitals.Therefore According to Valence bond theory the six water ligands will use the two inner d orbitals the outer s and the p orbitals to form an inner orbital complex with hybrisation d2sp3. In the second case we have the d5 compund. Since there are five electrons in the d subshell the five electrons singly occupy all the five d orbitals. Here 's where the concept of the weak ligand comes in. Since water is a weak ligand it cannot force pairing of the unpaired d electrons to make room for an inner orbital complex. Thus it has to use the outer d orbital to form an outer orbital complex with hybridisation of sp3d2. Since the Inner orbital (low spin) complex is more stable than the outer orbital (high spin) complex. Thus d3 configuration is more stable than d5 configuration in aqueous medium.
Why is oxygen molecule paramagnetic?
Answer 1) O2 molecule has two unpaired electrons which is only proved by Molecular orbitals theory (M.O.T). the M.O.T may be checked in any standard book of Inorganic chemistry.Answer 2) If you examine the orbital diagram for dioxygen, it contains a SOMO (Singly-Occupied Molecular Orbital) with 2 unpaired electrons. Dinitrogen does not have this. These unpaired electrons contribute to magnetism.
Molecular orbital theory is based upon which model of the atom?
Molecular orbital theory determines molecular structure that the electrons are not assigned as individual bonds between atoms, however, are treated as moving under the influence of the nuclei in the whole molecule.
Why Be2 does not exist according to mo theory?
According to the molecular orbital theory, Beryllium containes 4 electrons and two orbitals. However, when two atoms combine, they produce four orbitals and eight electrons. Therefore, for every bond formed, there will be an anti-bond created.
What are the main three parts of an electrons used in the current atomic theory that describe an electrons location?
An electron configuration shows the distribution of electrons among the subshells. Each number shows the principal quantum number, or shell, the subshell and finally the orbital of the electron.
What is the first energy level in helium called?
The first energy level in the quantum (current) theory of the atom is the 1s electron orbital, which can hold two electrons.The following energy levels go like this:1s22s22p63s23p64s24p63d105s25p64d106s2...And so on. (The first number being the energy level, the letter being the shape of the electron orbital, and the superscript being the number of electrons the orbital can hold.)
