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What is the use of int 03?

Updated: 12/20/2022
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The INT 03 instruction on the 8086/8088 and higher class processors is a program generated interrupt that only requires one byte in the opcode. Often, this is used by a debugger, to plant breakpoints at certain points in the code. During the interrupt servicing routine, the original opcode would be restored so that it could be executed if desired.

Contrast this with the INT 01 instruction, which is actually a single step type of interrupt. In this case, the debugger sets the single step flag in the return PSW, and then simply returns to the program. No opcode needed to be planted, as there will be an automatic execution of just one instruction, and then the interrupt will occur.

The difference is in performance. INT 03 can allow the program to run at full speed until it hits the breakpoint. The downside is that, if the program does not make it to the breakpoint, the debugger will not be able to regain control without forcing an interrupt. INT 01 allows the debugger to examine the state of the program at every single instruction, allowing the implementation of complex rule based breakpoints. The downside is that program execution will be very slow.

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