In prokaryotes the genes directly specify proteins.
In eukaryotes the exons within the genes specify proteins, the introns within the genes are noncoding DNA that alternate with exons and are spliced out in the process of transcription to messenger RNA.
The difference between a chromosome and a DNA molecule is that a chromosome is a single DNA molecule associated with proteins and a DNA molecule is a long thin molecule that stores genetic information.
a Chromosome
DNA molecule
Yes in the cell of human the nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes and each chromosome has one DNA molecule, hence there are 23 pairs of DNA.
There is twice as much DNA in a chromosome that has replicated than there was before replication.The amount will be halved again at anaphase of the subsequent mitosis (or meiosis II), when the two halves (chromatids) of the chromosome separate, and each half is from then on referred to as a daughter chromosome.
Gene
The special molecule that contains genetic material is called a chromosome.
The difference between a chromosome and a DNA molecule is that a chromosome is a single DNA molecule associated with proteins and a DNA molecule is a long thin molecule that stores genetic information.
a Chromosome
DNA molecule
Yes in the cell of human the nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes and each chromosome has one DNA molecule, hence there are 23 pairs of DNA.
The chromosome(s), which are made of the polymer deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Chromosome
A chromatid is one half of a chromosome at a stage of the cell cycle when the chromosome contains two molecules of DNA.A chromatid is like a twin; you can only use the term when there are two of them!Before DNA replicates, each chromosome has only one molecule of DNA. After replication of the DNA, there are two DNA molecules in each chromosome. These become visible under a light microscope when the chromosomes condense during prophase of the next division.Each chromosome then looks like an X. The left side of the X contains one DNA molecule (together with proteins) and the right side contains the other. Each half of the chromosome is a chromatid. At anaphase of the division, the two chromatids are pulled apart. From then on they are no longer referred to as chromatids, but as daughter-chromosomes.
GENETICS
The DNA molecule contains the genes for the construction of protein molecules.Genes contain instructions for building proteins.
There is twice as much DNA in a chromosome that has replicated than there was before replication.The amount will be halved again at anaphase of the subsequent mitosis (or meiosis II), when the two halves (chromatids) of the chromosome separate, and each half is from then on referred to as a daughter chromosome.