Contact the copyright owner, or his/her agent.
Unless if your report would qualify under the "fair use" exception your next step is to contact the copyright holder for permission to use the photograph.
If you are taking a clip from the movie, the movie itself is protected by copyright, but depending on your use, it may be covered by 17USC107. If you are using a photograph of it, the photograph would be protected by copyright, but your use may be covered by 17USC107.
If you want to use a photograph that is not in the public domain, and you do not own the copyright yourself, you must obtain the permission of the copyright holder. You do not need to buy the copyright itself. More often, you will simply obtain a license to use the copyright for your purpose, usually requiring payment of a royalty to the copyright owner. Some copyright owners have licensed their photos under licenses such as some of those of Creative Commons, which may enable people to use the photo without payment. If the photograph is in the public domain, you may use the photo freely. A photo may be in the public domain for many reasons, such as expiration of a copyright or intentional release of copyright.
Depending on what you mean when you say "based on".You can use a photograph as the basis for an original composition that you create. This means that you can use a photograph to formulate an idea or composition of your own.As for using the photograph in question, as evidenced by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, as amended by s. 5, Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995, copyright of a photograph in the UK belongs to the creator for 70 years (until year end) AFTER the death of the creator.
A photograph of a statue would be considered a derivative work; if the statue is protected by copyright, you would need permission from the rightsholder to create the derivative work.
You can paint on a photograph. Normal acrylic would work.
Contact the copyright holder and request permission.
No, copyrighted music cannot be used in your movie without permission, especially if it is to be published. You should always get permission from the respective copyright owners if you want to use content you do not own.
A photograph that is published in a public record are free to use without restriction unless they are illegal for another reason.
"Copyright constraints" is just a way of saying what you want to do is limited by copyright. If you wanted to use a piece of music in a movie, but the fee the rightsholder wanted was beyond your budget, you would say you couldn't use the song due to copyright constraints.
When you want to take a photograph of a scene whee the size/content of the photograph is approximately the same as seen by a human eye. The photo will look normal.
For personal use yes, but if you want to reproduce it for other people to use or see outside your house you will need to get permission from the copyright owner and probably pay a fee,