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What was the balance of political power between patricians and plebeians during the conflict of the orders in 494 BCE?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
In the Early Republic the patricians monopolised political power. The senators were exclusively patrician and the consuls (the two annually elected had of the city and the army were also patricians.
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago
Wiki User
∙ 11y agoThe first secession was not really a fight between patricians and plebeian. It was caused by the intransigence of the consul Appius Claudius who refused to listen to plebeian demands for better treatment of debt defaulters who were being abused by creditors through imprisonment, torture and sometimes enslavement. Appius Claudius carried on being harsh in the trials of defaulters, which was a sign of support for continuation of abuse. Many senators wanted to accommodate the plebeian demands.
Prior to the 1st secession the plebeians had no political voice, except for their agitations at the Forum in the previous year. The main point of the secession was not so much leaving the city - it is unlikely that their could have sustained their stay and Mons Sacer. It was: 1) the refusal to join the levy . Before the secession there had been attempts to disrupt the levy. The en mass action of the secession turned this into a real boycott. Action against the levy to support their demands remained a plebeian weapon for the next 50 years. 2) The creation of a state within the state. Effectively, the secession continued after the plebeians returned to Rome. They turned the Aventine Hill into their territory, with the plebeian tribune as the leader of this territory as well as the movement. They created their own cult on this hill. The hill became like the jurisdiction of the resolutions of the plebeian council. The Lex Icinia, tabled by a tribune and approved by the council gave the public land on the hill to the plebeians. The inviolability of the plebeian tribunes was guaranteed by a lynch law. Those who attacked them would be killed by the plebeians.
The first secession changed the balance of power through the plebeians creating their leaders, the plebeian tribunes, and their own council and by forcing the consuls to give formal recognition to these and to give the tribune the power to veto action that harmed plebeian interests in order to end the secession. Generally, in these early days plebeian power lied in direct action in defiance of and in separation form the Roman state.
As the plebeians made new demands, the patricians and most consuls resisted them. Their weapon was disruption of debates on legislation proposed by plebeian tribunes as with the Lex Terentilia, which was delayed for 12 years. An equation in the balance of power was continuous attacks by neighbouring peoples. Attempts at disruption of the (yearly) levy in response to patrician/consular disruption of debates was interrupted by these attacks and the need to raise an army for the defence of the city, with gave the consuls an excuse to postpone the dispute to the next year.
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