shia and sunni have mostly same beliefs and both believe in fundamental beliefs of Islam. today there is up to 260 sect in Islam that are in two category of shia and sunni.
shia believes in Allah, prophet and all fundamentals of Islam.
shia pray 5 times a day but usually do the 2,3 and 4,5 pray together and so may seem they do 3 pray a day. there is some differences in details of pray like how to hold hands in pray and on what do the genuflect (for shia should be on a stone or part of earth and for sunni on carpet or floor ).
shia believe after death of prophet God selects the successive for prophet who is the leader of Muslim community and people can not select it.
shia believe the Caliph (Representative of God in earth after prophet) is appointed only by God and can not be selected by people because God said in Koran: "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority." (Quran 2:30)
this means only God can select an Islamic leader.
in shia they are only fourteen infallible (12 Imams and prophet and his daughter Fatimah Zahra (sa))
and all of them are the same and have no mistake and have the knowledge of everything (this knowledge is from God and by permission of God and is not absolute knowledge. absolute knowledge is only for God and they still do not know many things. but they know anything human may need to know.) and they never die and they hear all sayings and even thinks of all humans after their death by permission of God and they are intermediates between God and human.
and shia Muslims always support them and forgive their lives for them.
shia Muslims do not consider selection of Abubakr as Caliph valid because God did not select him. they believe God ordered prophet to declare Ali is selected as successor of prophet (Quran 5:3) and prophet did this mission in Ghadir event that was in last Hajj of prophet in his life and prophet did a speech for 120,000 Muslims participating that Hajj with prophet. the famous shia book Al-Ghadir is a collection of evidences and proofs for Ghadir Hadith from 100,000 sunni references and read all of 10,000 sunny books. one sunni scholar said if we want to reply Al-Ghadir book (by Allameh Amini) we should first destroy all our books.
Shia doctorin has root in Karbala. when tragedy of Karbala happened most of iranians became shia.
Shiites and Shias are the same group. It is the Sunnis who were in dispute with them. The issue had to do with who was to take Mohammad's place after he passed away.
The Fitna Al-Kubra or the First Islamic Civil War (656-661) pitted the Sunni Umayyads against the Ali-led Shiites and the Khawarijites.
the death of holy prophet Muhammad peace be upon him led to split between shia and Sunni. of course according to Shiite, the holy prophet before his death in different places and position like "the pool" or Qadir Khom announced that Imam Ali is one who selected as his right successor.
no at all. Shiite, themselves, condemn any action which led to burn of holy places. according to Shiite , Allah in Quran refers t6 companions of the cave and the temple which built for the sake of respecting them. it means that shiites not only not given to burn respected placed by Sunnis but also they respect to this kind of places.
No, there were disagreements and conflicts among Muslims after the unification of Arabia. This eventually led to the Sunni-Shia split after the death of the Prophet Muhammad.
Iraq has separate communities of Sunnis and Shiites, but this is not intentional from a historical perspective. The borders of Iraq are a 20th century fabrication that does not match the historical conditions of the area. Southern Iraq was a historical bastion of Shiite Islam. 'Ali, the Caliph seen as most proper by Shiites, had his capital in the southern Iraqi city of Kufa and was buried in the city of An-Najaf. His second son Hussein was martyred in the southern Iraqi city of Karbala. Southern Iraq was also in the Safavid orbit even though it was under Ottoman power. As a result, the repressed Shiites still continued to defy the Sunni leadership with their perceived moral high ground. Western and Northern Iraq was in the outer edges of Turkish and Syrian control which were historically Sunni bastions. Anatolia was the base of operations for the Seljuks and Ottomans. Syria was the base of the Umayyad Empire in early Islam. This led to to the initial Sunni-making of the area and the Abbassid Empire that was founded in Baghdad further enforced Sunni gains in these regions.
The Maronites, Sunnis, and Shiites were divided in Lebanon.
No. Islam didn't split into two groups at the death of the Prophet SAW. It split into two political groups when the rebels mercilessly martyred the third Rightful Caliph Hazrat Usman RAU. The religious division came much later.
Difference in opinions as to who the successor of Muhammad was.
The expansion was led by Sunni Ali (SOOH-nee-ah-lee), who became ruler of Songhai in 1464
Generally speaking, the Shiite Hazara Community in Afghanistan has been subject to repetitive persecution from the Sunni majority, especially during the Taliban Period. However, things appear to be improving slowly ever since the Northern Alliance retook control of the country in the wake of the 2001 US-led War in Afghanistan.
Land disputes.
The expansion was led by Sunni Ali (SOOH-nee-ah-lee), who became ruler of Songhai in 1464