Want this question answered?
President Adams
John Adams
midnight or midnight judges!
midnight judges
In the year 1800, the group of judges was referred to as the Judiciary Act of 1801 or the "Midnight Judges" because they were appointed by John Adams in the final hours of his presidency.
The term midnight judges is a derogatory Republican term referring to Federalist judges appointed at the last minute by President Adams. The new judges were known as the Midnight Judges because Adams was said to be signing their appointments at midnight prior to President Thomas Jefferson's inauguration.
John Quincy Adams
Second US President John Adams appointed 42 justices of the peace for the territory of Washington, DC a few days before President Jefferson succeeded him in office. Adams wanted to ensure his Federalist party, which was losing popularity to Jefferson's Democratic-Republican party, retained power in the government. He attempted to accomplish this by packing the Judicial branch of government with Federalist judges.The lame duck Congress also passed the Judiciary Act of 1801, rearranging the federal court system and allowing Adams to appoint 16 new Circuit judges and several new District judges the month before leaving office. The justices of the peace and federal judges, collectively, are often referred to as the "midnight judges" for their last-minute appointments.President Thomas Jefferson refused to have some of the commissions delivered after taking office, which lead to the US Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison, (1803).For more information, see Related Questions, below.
secretary of state
John Adams was elected to be the first vice president of the US.
The midnight appointments were last-minute judges appointed by Adams when it was clear he wasn't going to get re-elected. All of the judges were Federalists with the same views and Adams. He did this because Thomas Jefferson was completly anti-federalist.
President John Adams appointed Chief Justice John Marshall in 1801.