What were the major ideas for the french industrialization?

Answer 1

French industrialization was not based on any central idea or concept. In fact, in contrast to for instance England, Germany and Belgium the industrialization process in France happened so gradually and spread over the whole country instead of concentrating in the big cities, that in the early 20th century is was being debated whether France had had an industrial revolution at all.

Often, the idea behind an industrial revolution was that - like in the three countries named above - abundant Natural Resources like coal were available, waiting for someone to come up with an idea how to put them to good use. Or sizable population growth simply had to be met by an equal economic growth that could only be realized through industrialization.

But France was not rich in natural resources, and its population growth in the 19th century was modest. So industrialization happened very gradually and often took the form of modernization and upscaling of traditional cottage industries, spread over the country. It is typical that France almost skipped the age of the steam engines, replacing the traditional power sources like water and wind with electricity when it came about.

It was mostly the Second Empire of Napoleon III that in the second half of the 19th century stimulated industrialization by having a policy aimed at modernizing France's infrastructure, building new roads and railways. A new infrastructure that finally made transport and export of products much easier turned out to be a major stimulus for industrial production.