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For personal weapons they used a Gladius, a sword. They also had two Pilum (javelins or throwing spears) and a dagger called the Pugio.

Auxilliary troops carried bows and arrows. Some mounted troops carried heavier spears

They were backed up by artillery - the Ballista (a giant crossbow), the Onager (a catapult), and the Scorpio (a smaller crossbow)

Specially trained troops would also use slings to deliver 500 gram weights for a distance of up to 200 meters.

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Q: What were the weapons of the foot soldiers in ancient Rome?
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