In simple terms, overdrive is the final/cruising gear. It reduces the power output by lowering the gear ratio. The overdrive mechanism increases fuel efficiency, and saves strain on the transmission and the drive train. When the vehicle is started the overdrive is always on, but it can be turned off by a switch button, which is often located on the shifter. Turning the overdrive off will prevent the vehicle from shifting into the overdrive when traveling at the speed of around 40 MPH. It is recommended that the overdrive is constantly on under normal driving conditions. It should be turned off when, for example, hauling heavy loads or going up a long gradual incline.
My Mazda Protege LX did the same thing, especially when it was hot out. I eventually found out it was a loose wire behind my overdrive switch located in the shift column. The overdrive button pops right out with a tight grasp and a little tug. See if both wires are still connected to the switch.
If the overdrive switch is turned off then the car will not go into overdrive. As it is not in overdrive, then it will not downshift out of overdrive as it normally would. It also will not shift to 3rd gear above a certain factory preset speed. Turn th overdrive on and see if it operates normally.
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The overdrive problem on a 1995 Mazda Protege is due to a failing spring in the end housing inside the transmission. If you replace the spring with a new or used factory spring the problem will re occur. You must use a revised version to permanently fix this problem. I have seen salvage yards advertise this overdrive unit. What a scam. Even the brand new factory unit will fail, so obviously a used one will also fail. You must contact a transmission shop, they will probably have seen many of these in their shop and will have the part number of a revised unit.