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The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks split essentially because the Mensheviks were reformists and the Bolsheviks were revolutionaries. The Bolsheviks said that when the revolution finally came, the Mensheviks would sooner or later only hinder it and would betray the revolution.

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Q: Who was split into two opposing groups the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks both had the goal of overthrowing the czar?
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