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To answer this you need to know what emphysema does. The lung has large clusters like grapes of what called alveoli and the grape like clusters add to the surface area and allow for maximum oxygenation. When a person develops emphysema the grape clusters disappear and it becomes more like a latex balloon. Neither the grape clusters or the latex balloons can be seen on plain xrays but are as clear as day on a CT scan.

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Q: Why are ct scans used as a diagnoses for emphysema?
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