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Byzantine and Byzantine Empire are terms which have been coined by historians to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part. The so-called "Byzantines" did not use this term. They called their empire Empire of the Romans or Romania (this referred to this empire and not the country which was later called Romania) or Rhomais in Latin, or Basileia Rhomaion or Rhomania in Greek. They called themselves Romans because they were still the inhabitants of the Roman Empire. They did not even use the term eastern Romans, which is often used by historians. Western and eastern Roman Empire are also terms which have been coined by historians. The Romans and the peoples in the Roman Empire only used the term Empire of the Romans.

The term Byzantine was chosen by a German historian in the 16th century as a derivation from Byzantium, the Greek city which was redeveloped, turned into the imperial capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire and renamed Constantinople by the emperor Constantine the Great in 330. It is used to indicate the fact that not long after the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire, this part of the empire became centred on Greece and Greek in character after it lost most of its non-Greek territories. Greek replaced Latin as the official language of this empire in 620, some 150 years after the fall of the western part. This term has been in common use in Western Europe only since the 19th century.

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Q: Why did Byzantines still think of themselves as Romans?
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