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Mongol domination had kept political stability along the Silk Road (Pax Mongolica). With the fragmentation of their empire fights between the peoples along this road broke out. Warlords also took over lands of the decaying Byzantine Empire. The nomads, who had been the carriers along the route, were weakened due partly due to the encroachment of sedentary peoples and partly due to the Black Death. When the Ottoman Turks took over what was left of the Byzantine Empire they imposed a trade embargo with Western Europe, blocking access to the Silk Road. This led the western Europeans to look to the sea. The driving force behind this was the Portuguese naval explorations and their discovery of the sea route to India and China.

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Q: Why did the emphasis turn to seaborne trade after the fall of the Mongolian empire?
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