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Why do flights from London to the US west coast always fly due north over the top of Scotland - not due west over Ireland?
DiamondXmas
Maps are flat, while the surface of the Earth is a sphere. Because aviation fuel is expensive, we generally try to fly in the most direct route possible, which is a "straight line" over the surface of the spherical Earth.
If we plot this on a Mercator projection map, this "straight on the sphere" line becomes a "Great Circle" route on the flat map. From London to San Francisco, that "straight on the sphere" line goes north over Scotland and over the Arctic Ocean before coming south through northern Canada and down to SFO.
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yes
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