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Why germanium is used in the early stages in 1960 when silicon was available?
Wiki User
∙ 7y ago
The semiconductor fab facilities were still set up for processing germanium and required significant retooling for the new processes needed for silicon. This took a few years.
Wiki User
∙ 7y ago
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Why silicon is preferred over germanium in the fabrication of p-n junction diode?
Germanium diodes are more expensive than silicon ones, germanium is harder to process, germanium cannot be used to make integrated circuits (while early prototype integrated circuits were germanium the wiring between the integrated components cannot be integrated making it too expensive for production), germanium cannot operate with a junction temperature above 60C (silicon will operate up to 150C), and its reverse leakage current is greater. However! Germanium diodes have a lower forward voltage drop than silicon ones do, so they're better for some applications, like radio frequency detection.
What kind of material is a transistor made from?
The class of materials that make up transistors is "semiconductor." A transistor is often made from very pure silicon that is doped with germanium or other dopant to change its electrical properties.
Why don't we use germanium as a control device in silicon control rectifier?
Generally SCR is used at high power applications, in order to withstand the temperature dissipated in the SCR, THERMAL STABILITY is very high enough. It means that thermal stability of silicon is very high compared to germanium that's why germanium is not preferred. But that does not mean it is not possible, in fact before silicon became common in the 1960s devices equivalent to the SCR were built using germanium!
Why silicon is preferred over germanium in the fabrication of integrated circuits?
The invention of the planar process by which most IC devices are fabricated relies on the gas phase diffusion of dopants to produce N-type and P-type regions, but also on the ability of silicon dioxide to mask these diffusion processes and passivate the chip surface eliminating the need for hermetic packaging. Silicon is unique in its ability to be oxidized to produce a stable insulating coating. Germanium dioxide is crumbly and water soluble, making it impossible to use in this process. While the first IC made used germanium, it had to be handwired which would have made them prohibitively expensive to produce and much larger than even the early silicon ICs.
Why germanium controlled rectifiers are not used instead of silicon controlled rectifiers?
The first solid state four layer thyristors made were indeed made of germanium and therefor could be called "germanium controlled rectifiers" (although this name was never used in the literature, they were just called thyristors). But when it became practical in the early 1960s to make solid state devices using silicon, the higher operating junction temperature and the ability to self passivate junctions in silicon devices soon made germanium devices obsolete especially for high power applications (which include many of the applications of solid state four layer thyristors).The term thyristor was coined originally for these devices as they were seen as a solid state version of the gas filled thyratron tube. The idea of calling them "controlled rectifiers" only came years later when silicon had replaced germanium for most purposes in solid state devices.
What is the name of first super computer in US?
Depending on how you define it it could by:IBM NORC (vacuum tube, very early 1950s)UNIVAC LARC (germanium surface barrier transistor, 1960)IBM 7030 Stretch (germanium diffusion transistors, 1961)CDC 6600 (silicon diffusion transistors, 1964)
What makes nkt 275 transistors special in guitar effects pedals?
These are made from germanium rather than silicon. Germanium transistors sound quite different (although much depends on the circuit design). The tone tends to be much more 'touch sensitive' as the picking attack varies, which gives effects more character. The sound of germanium fuzz is associated mostly with the 1960s due to effects such as the 'Maestro' fuzz, Solasound Tonebender (as used on the early Led Zeppelin LPs), Arbiter Fuzz Face, and many others. Germanium transistors are not as consistent or reliable as silicon, and manufacturers gradually moved over to silicon versions, and also op-amp type devices. The craving for 'vintage tone' led to renewed interest, and many so-called 'boutique' manufacturers began to appear to cater for this demand. The NKT 275 is just one of many sought-after germanium transistors. There are many others - mostly new old stock. Incidentally - Jimi Hendrix's favourite fuzz used silicon transistors !
When was Early Stages created?
Early Stages was created on 2008-11-17.
What nations are in the early stages of the industry and technology?
early stages of industry and technology
What is an organism in the early stages of development?
An organism in the early stages of its development is an embryo.
Why might it be easy to overlook cancer in its early stages?
There are no symptoms in the early stages of some cancers.
What is semi conductor diode?
Semiconductor diodes are made from the same Silicon, and occasionally Germanium, material that transistors, integrated circuits, etc. are made from. Diodes used in early electronic devices were made from vacuum tubes. Somewhat later diodes were made from finned stacks of Selenium. Simple "Crystal Radios" use Galena (lead ore) crystals with a steel pin that is manipulated to find a spot that allows electrical current to flow in only one direction.
