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Because the MTB is meant to be able to take jumps and bumps, and has to be stronger because of that. The road bike is expected to travel on smooth roads, which means it can be weaker and lighter.

In addition the suspension fork and rear shocks (if fitted) are heavier due to the moving parts and need for a rigid design. These forks will usually have oil and sometimes springs fitted too. Lastly the rims need to be stronger and normally wider which involves more material in reinforcement.

Basically to make something tougher requires more material and more material means heavier.

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Q: Why is a mountain bike heavier than a road bike?
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