job rotation
Job enrichment, Job enlargement and Job rotation are the three programs developed to solve motivational problems.
iii) The benefits of job rotation to the employer are: -satisfied workers -easy in finding a backup when an employee needs to take off ( eg. pregnancy, illness etc..)
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Job rotation is process of moving employees from one job to another in order to reduce boredom, increase job satisfaction and allow employees to gain more insight into the process of the business/ company. Job enlargement seeks to reduce boredom and increase employee's satisfaction by increasing the number of tasks the worker does. Both job enlargement and job rotation are alternatives to job specialization.
It allows workers to become very familiar with their tasks. (A+) This was for FuelEd Lessons
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Describe how job rotation can be used to combat the problems caused by job specialization.
Horizontal job rotation involves moving an employee to different roles on the same level within an organization. Vertical job rotation involves moving an employee to roles at different levels within an organization, typically involving promotions or shifts in managerial responsibilities. Both types of job rotation can help employees gain diverse skills and experiences.
Work arrangement (or rearrangement) aimed at reducing or overcoming job dissatisfaction and employee alienation arising from repetitive and mechanistic tasks. Through job design, organizations try to raise productivity levels by offering non-monetary rewards such as greater satisfaction from a sense of personal achievement in meeting the increased challenge and responsibility of one's work. Job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation, and job simplification are the various techniques used in a job design exercise. Job enrichment is an attempt to motivate employees by giving them the opportunity to use the range of their abilities. It is an idea that was developed by the American psychologist Frederick Herzberg in the 1950s. It can be contrasted to job enlargement which simply increases the number of tasks without changing the challenge. As such job enrichment has been described as 'vertical loading' of a job, while job enlargement is 'horizontal loading'. An enriched job should ideally contain: * A range of tasks and challenges of varying difficulties (Physical or Mental) * A complete unit of work - a meaningful task * Feedback, encouragement and communication Job enlargement means increasing the scope of a job through extending the range of its job duties and responsibilities. This contradicts the principles of specialisation and the division of labour whereby work is divided into small units, each of which is performed repetitively by an individual worker. Some motivational theories suggest that the boredom and alienation caused by the division of labour can actually cause efficiency to fall. Thus, job enlargement seeks to motivate workers through reversing the process of specialisation. A typical approach might be to replace assembly lines with modular work; instead of an employee repeating the same step on each product, they perform several tasks on a single item. In order for employees to be provided with Job Enlargement they will need to be retrained in new fields which can prove to be a lengthy process. However results have shown that this process can see its effects diminish after a period of time, as even the enlarged job role become the mundane, this in turn can lead to similar levels of demotivation and job dissatisfaction at the expense of increased training levels and costs. The continual enlargement of a job over time is also known as 'job creep,' which can lead to an unmangable workload.
Job specialization infers specific training and skills on one particular job whilst job rotation requires workers to gain experience and skills in carrying out various tasks. Job rotation has the great benefit of increasing the overall level of multiple skills available in the workplace and is a positive aid to coping with increases in demand or where staff shortages occur. On a production line setting, the worker who is skilled in the specific task of door hanging on new cars has a limited value whereas the worker who can also fit trim and gearboxes has a higher value due to flexibility.
The theory of task rotation is credited to Frederick Taylor, who developed this concept as part of his scientific management approach to work efficiency in the early 20th century. Task rotation involves periodically shifting workers between different job tasks to prevent monotony and increase productivity.