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This was a 1988 Supreme Court case that held that student newpapers produced within the curriculum of a school (such as a journalism or writing class that is sponsored by the school) were not entitled to the same level of First Amendment protection as those of more general circulation.

The United States Supreme Court decision reversed that of a lower court which had limited the school's right of control over the content of the school-sponsored paper. The citation for the Supreme Court decision is 484 U.S. 260.

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The Supreme Court decision with regards to Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier is considered a landmark case because it more distinctly clarifies and adds a precedent for rulings concerning the First Amendment.

The Supreme Court held that the public school's censorship of the student newspaper was not a violation of the students' First Amendment rights of free speech because student expression is subject to a lower form of First Amendment protection.

This ruling upheld the ruling of a previous District Court and overruled the Court of Appeals overturning of that District Court's ruling.

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Q: Why is Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier important to the school press?
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Where can you read the Kuhlmeier article that was not allowed in the school newspaper?

You can likely find the Kuhlmeier article, which covers the rights of student journalism, in libraries, online archives, or through academic databases. It may also be available in collections discussing freedom of speech or student press rights.


Why is Tinker v Des Moines important to the school press?

Tinker v. Des Moines, (1969) represented the first time the US Supreme Court ruled on a case involving the First Amendment freedom of speech in the school environment. The Court upheld the students' right to peacefully express their opinion of the Vietnam War over the school's insistence that it should be allowed to regulate all forms of expression when it was acting in loco parentis (acting as a parent, as during the school day and during other functions).Many people believed the decision in Tinker would allow students to exercise all of their First Amendment rights in school, including freedom of the press; however, the Court addressed that issue separately in Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier,(1988) and other cases that are more relevant to the school press than Tinker.Held:In wearing armbands, the petitioners were quiet and passive. They were not disruptive and did not impinge upon the rights of others. In these circumstances, their conduct was within the protection of the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth.First Amendment rights are available to teachers and students, subject to application in light of the special characteristics of the school environment.A prohibition against expression of opinion, without any evidence that the rule is necessary to avoid substantial interference with school discipline or the rights of others, is not permissible under the First and Fourteenth Amendments.Important NoteThe case Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 484 US 260 (1988) is more relevant to school press issues than Tinker v. Des Moines, (1969), because it dealt specifically with how much control schools could exercise over the content of student publications.The Court held that public school student newspapers are subject to less First Amendment protection than commercial newspapers, or even student publications established as forums for student expression. Schools may impose restrictions on student newspaper content.Case Citation:Tinker v. Des Moines, 393 US 503 (1969)For more information on this topic, see Related Questions, below.


What conditions had to exist for a principal to exercise censorship of the student press according to the Hazelwood decision?

The principal can only censor student press if there is a legitimate educational reason, such as preventing disruption of the learning environment or protecting students. The content being censored must be school-sponsored and the censorship must be viewpoint-neutral.


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