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Brain damage due to sustained elevations of bilirubin...no exact number on it....combination of factors...trauma due to birth (pre-hepatic) and immature liver (hepatic)
What else can I help you with?
What is kernicterus?
Kernicterus-- A potentially lethal disease of newborns caused by excessive accumulation of the bile pigment bilirubin.
What complications may result from high levels of bilirubin in infants?
kernicterus, a form of brain damage. Signs of severe hyperbilirubinemia include listlessness, high-pitched crying, apnea (periods of not breathing), arching of the back, and seizures
Will sulfamethoxazole be harmful if you get pregnant while on it?
There is a possibility to cause oaf for those who takes sulfamethoxazole within the early 16 pregnant weeks, and kernicterus if the medicine is used several weeks before the pregnant is braught to bed. Therefore, it should only be used for the middle pregnant period.
What is the prognosis for hemolytic anemia?
In about 15% of cases, the baby is severely affected and dies before birth. Babies who survive pregnancy may develop kernicterus, which can lead to deafness, speech problems, cerebral palsy, or mental retardation.
What are the symptoms of bilirubin encephalopathy?
Kernicterus or bilirubin encephalopathy is a rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia) during infancy. Bilirubin is an orange-yellow bile pigment that is a byproduct of the natural breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells (hemolysis). Toxic levels of bilirubin may accumulate in the brain, potentially resulting in a variety of symptoms and physical findings.These symptoms may include lack of energy (lethargy), poor feeding habits, fever, and vomiting. Affected infants may also experience the absence of certain reflexes (e.g., Moro reflex, etc.); mild to severe muscle spasms including those in which the head and heels are bent backward and the body bows forward (opisthotonus); and/or uncontrolled involuntary muscle movements (spasticity). In some cases, infants with kernicterus may develop life-threatening complications.
What is the prognosis for infants with hyperbilirubinemia and associated jaundice?
Phototherapy is very effective in reducing bilirubin levels in the majority of infants who need it. There are usually no long-term effects on the child from the hyperbilirubinemia or the phototherapy
What effect does ultra violet light have on bilirubin molecule?
High energy photons are absorbed by the conjugated double bonds. The double bonds in the molecule then have the energy to rearrange to a non-conjugated state. The new state is more soluble, so your body can excrete it.
Can jaundice be prevented?
the activity of the enzyme UDP-glucuronyl transferase is low in the newborns.so UDP- glucuronic acid for conjugation is limited. this leads to high level of unconjugated bilirubin (beyond 25mg/dl) .it may cross the blood brain barrier resulting in hyperbilirubinemic toxic encephalopathy or kernicterus . prevention aspects: the drug phenobarbital is used, as it induce bilirubin metabolising enzymes in liver. in some neonates blood transfusion may be necessaryto prevent brain damage. phototherapy is continuously carried out till the serum bilirubin becomes normal. phototheraphy deals with the exposure of the jaundiced neonates to blue light as bilirubin absorbs the blue light and get converted to non toxic lumirubin and get excreted.
Can neonatal jaundice be prevented?
the activity of the enzyme UDP-glucuronyl transferase is low in the newborns.so UDP- glucuronic acid for conjugation is limited. this leads to high level of unconjugated bilirubin (beyond 25mg/dl) .it may cross the blood brain barrier resulting in hyperbilirubinemic toxic encephalopathy or kernicterus . prevention aspects: the drug phenobarbital is used, as it induce bilirubin metabolising enzymes in liver. in some neonates blood transfusion may be necessaryto prevent brain damage. phototherapy is continuously carried out till the serum bilirubin becomes normal. phototheraphy deals with the exposure of the jaundiced neonates to blue light as bilirubin absorbs the blue light and get converted to non toxic lumirubin and get excreted.
Is breastfeeding and taking sulfamethoxazoleTMP safe for your newborn?
This is for your physician to decide. While more dangerous in near term, there are reasons why this (alone or in synergy) may be the drug of choice. While there is a warning about early pregnancy, it does not rule out the usage of this med. ---- I respectfully disagree with the author of the answer above for the following reason: Sulfonamide antibiotics are not given to women who are breastfeeding, especially newborns, since these medications are excreted in breastmilk and are known to increase the bilirubin in newborns by displacing it from proteins in the blood, increasing the risk of kernicterus, a debilitating and permanent condition in which bilirubin stains certain areas of the brain, leading to brain damage and mental and physical retardation. If you are breastfeeding, you MUST tell your physician so s/he can take that into account when prescribing any medication, as most will pass through the breastmilk and potentially be absorbed by your child. ------------- The respectful disagreement is right on target. I'll leave the first up there, as -- while I was incomplete, what little I did say had some points that weren't totally off. Of the two answers choose the second.
What is a sickness starting with k?
Kabuki Make-Up Syndrome (not on MeSH) Kallmann Syndrome Kanner's Syndrome Kaposi Disease Kartagener Syndrome Kartagener Triad Kawasaki Disease Kearns Syndrome Kearns-Sayer Syndrome Keloid Kennedy Syndrome Keratitis Keratitis, Ulcerative Keratoconus Keratosis Follicularis Keratosis, Actinic (not on MeSH) Keratosis, Seborrheic Kernicterus Ketoacidosis, Diabetic Ketosis, Diabetic Kidney Calculi Kidney Diseases Kidney Diseases, Cystic Kidney Failure, Acute Kidney Failure, Chronic Kidney Stones Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Kienbock Disease Kimura Disease Kinky Hair Syndrome Kissing Disease Klebsiella Infections Kleine-Levin Syndrome Klein-Waardenburg Syndrome Kleptomania Klinefelter Syndrome Klippel-Feil Syndrome Klippel-Trenaunay Disease Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome Klumpke Paralysis Kniest Dysplasia Koehler Disease Konzo Krabbe Disease Krukenberg Tumor Kufs Disease Kugelberg-Welander Disease Kuru Kuru Encephalopathy Kussmaul Aphasia Kwashiorkor
What is the medication therapy for patent ductus arteriosis?
Of all the congenital heart diseases, patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) is the only disease that can be treated.The PDA treatment algorithm includes the following:Fluid restrictionDiureticsNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [See elaboration below.] Indomethacin, ORIbuprofenSurgical ligation When NSAIDs fail to treat the PDA.NSAIDs Comparison:Indomethacin Doses: Initial dose: 0.2 mg/Kg Intravenously (IV)Subsequent doses varies Post natal age - increase dose with increased ageInfant renal function - increase dosing interval for poor renal function.Ibuprofen Doses: Initial dose: 10 mg/Kg IVSubsequent dose: 5 mg/Kg IV daily for 2 days.Note: Calculate dosing for both drugs using the infant's birth weight.COX-1 inhibition (COX-1 is responsible for inflammation, so higher inhibition of COX-1 is preferred.) Indomethacin > IbuprofenStability Indomethacin (12 days) > Ibuprofen (30 minutes)Degree of protein binding (May cause accumulation of bilirubin in the brain, otherwise known as "kernicterus," which is associated with cerebral palsy.) Occurs in both NSAIDsMore incidents reported on ibuprofen.Efficacy in treating PDA Indomethacin = IbuprofenIndomethacin is generally the preferred medication for PDA treatment.Adverse Effects from Both NSAIDs Oliguria, renal failureGastrointestinal bleedingBowel perforationNecrotizing enterocolitisIntraventricular hemorrhageThrombocytopeniaContraindication to use NSAIDs (Do not use NSAIDs, if the following occurs.) Necrotizing enterocolitisIntraventricular hemorrhageActive bleedingThrombocytopeniaImpaired renal functions
