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Anything that increases or decreases pulse rate will have the same effect on blood pressure. Thus, there are 3 body positions that will have an effect. When a person is horizontal as in sleeping, there is essentially minimal resistance to the flow of blood back to the heart. As soon as he rises to a standing position, there is an immediate decrease in the amount of blood returning to the heart because of the effect of gravity; thus, there is a temporary decrease in blood pressure, making the individual feel faint. And if a person happens to be upside down as might occur in diving, more blood than normal returns to the heart with a concommitant rise in blood pressure and a feeling of being flush. With regard to exercise, vigourous exercise will have the greatest influence on raising the blood pressure and also the pulse rate, and visa versa for a lack of exercise.

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Q: Summarize the effects of body position and exercise on the characteristics and rates of the pulse?
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