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A DNA molecule consists of two long polynucleotide chains composed of four types of nucleotide subunits. Each of these chains is known as a DNA chain, or a DNA strand. Hydrogen bonds between the base portions of the nucleotides hold the two chains together (Figure 4-3). As we saw in Chapter 2 (Panel 2-6, pp. 120-121), nucleotides are composed of a five-carbon sugar to which are attached one or more phosphate groups and a nitrogen-containing base. In the case of the nucleotides in DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose attached to a single phosphate group (hence the name deoxyribonucleic acid), and the base may be either adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine (T). The nucleotides are covalently linked together in a chain through the sugars and phosphates, which thus form a "backbone" of alternating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate (see Figure 4-3). Because only the base differs in each of the four types of subunits, each polynucleotide chain in DNA is analogous to a necklace (the backbone) strung with four types of beads (the four bases A, C, G, and T). These same symbols (A, C, G, and T) are also commonly used to denote the four different nucleotides---that is, the bases with their attached sugar and phosphate groups.
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If an incorrect nucleotide is incorporated into a fanning strand of DNA will this mistake lie transmitted to the next generation of DNA molecules that forms from this strand?
Yes, if an incorrect nucleotide is incorporated into one strand of DNA during replication, it will be present in the daughter strand and can be transmitted to subsequent generations of DNA molecules. This can lead to mutations and potential genetic disorders.
If one strand of DNA has a nucleotide base sequence of tcaggtccat?
If one strand of DNA has a nucleotide base sequence of tcaggtccat, its complementary strand is agtccaggta. Adenine pairs with thymine, while guanine pairs with cytosine.
A nucleotide is about to be added to a growing strand of DNA. What factor determines which type of nucleotide will be added?
The sequence of nucleotides in the template DNA strand determines which complementary nucleotide will be added to the growing strand. A-T and G-C base pairing rules govern the selection of the nucleotide to be added during DNA replication.
Why is it necessary to add a nucleotide during dna replication?
DNA itself is made up of nucleotides. Nucleotides links with each other to form a DNA chain. In the process of DNA replication, parent DNA strand needs to be duplicated. Hence, to make a new strand of DNA it requires nucleotides.
Covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the of the next nucleotide bond nucleotides together in a DNA strand.?
Actually, it is the phosphodiester bonds that connect the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate group of the next nucleotide in a DNA strand, forming the backbone of the DNA molecule. Covalent bonds between the nitrogenous bases help to stabilize the double helix structure of DNA.
If an incorrect nucleotide is incorporated into a fanning strand of DNA will this mistake lie transmitted to the next generation of DNA molecules that forms from this strand?
Yes, if an incorrect nucleotide is incorporated into one strand of DNA during replication, it will be present in the daughter strand and can be transmitted to subsequent generations of DNA molecules. This can lead to mutations and potential genetic disorders.
Which enzyme assembles the complementary nucleotide bases during replication?
DNA polymerase is responsible for assembling complementary nucleotide bases during DNA replication. It adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand using the existing strand as a template.
What is a matching strand of DNA compared to AGTAAC?
A matching strand of DNA to the sequence AGTAAC would be its complementary strand, which consists of the bases that pair with each nucleotide. In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). Therefore, the complementary strand to AGTAAC would be TCATTG.
If one strand of DNA has a nucleotide base sequence of tcaggtccat?
If one strand of DNA has a nucleotide base sequence of tcaggtccat, its complementary strand is agtccaggta. Adenine pairs with thymine, while guanine pairs with cytosine.
What prevents the wrong nucleotide from being added to the new strand during DNA?
DNA Polymerases
A nucleotide is about to be added to a growing strand of DNA. What factor determines which type of nucleotide will be added?
The sequence of nucleotides in the template DNA strand determines which complementary nucleotide will be added to the growing strand. A-T and G-C base pairing rules govern the selection of the nucleotide to be added during DNA replication.
When is uracil used in DNA?
No, it is not found in DNA, thought it is found in RNA.
What is the smallest strand of molecules in DNA?
The basic unit of the nucleic acid DNA is a DNA nucleotide. There are four different DNA nucleotides, each of which has one of four nitrogen bases. Each DNA nucleotide is composed of the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
Why is it necessary to add a nucleotide during dna replication?
DNA itself is made up of nucleotides. Nucleotides links with each other to form a DNA chain. In the process of DNA replication, parent DNA strand needs to be duplicated. Hence, to make a new strand of DNA it requires nucleotides.
Covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the of the next nucleotide bond nucleotides together in a DNA strand.?
Actually, it is the phosphodiester bonds that connect the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate group of the next nucleotide in a DNA strand, forming the backbone of the DNA molecule. Covalent bonds between the nitrogenous bases help to stabilize the double helix structure of DNA.
Which type of mRNA nucleotide pairs thymine in the DNA strand?
Uracil pairs with adenine in mRNA and replaces thymine in the DNA strand during transcription.
Where is the 5' end of the DNA strand indicated?
The 5' end of a DNA strand is indicated by the phosphate group attached to the 5th carbon of the sugar molecule in the nucleotide.
