They are called enzymes.
Hydrolysis is the chemical reaction that breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules by adding water. Hydrolysis involves the cleavage of chemical bonds through the addition of water molecules.
Larger molecules become smaller molecules by chemical reactions referred to as decomposition reactions. These can be as simple as oxidation, or as complex as catalyzed reduction of hydrocarbons (oil). The chemical reactions can be triggered by other reactive chemicals, by catalysts, or by the addition of energy (heat, electric current). They can be spontaneous or be deliberate, and they can sometimes be self-sustaining, as in a cascade reaction.
Digestion breaks down large food particles into small molecules like fatty acids, amino acids, nucleic acids, and sugars. Cellular respiration breaks down small molecules to release their energy and store it in the form of an accessible energy carrier, ATP.
Enzymes are the special proteins that can break down large molecules into smaller molecules. These biological catalysts speed up chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
No, catabolic reactions break down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process. Anabolic reactions, on the other hand, use energy to synthesize large molecules from smaller ones.
Chemical digestion
Hydrolysis is the chemical reaction that breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules by adding water. Hydrolysis involves the cleavage of chemical bonds through the addition of water molecules.
nuclear explosions or bacteria
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that breaks down large biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, into smaller components like sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids. These smaller molecules can then be absorbed by cells and used for energy, growth, and various cellular processes.
The process you are referring to is called catabolism. Catabolism involves breaking down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process. This process is essential for producing energy and building blocks for anabolic reactions in cells.
chemical digestion
Hydrolysis
A degradation reaction breaks down a large molecule into smaller molecules. For example, the enzyme catalase breaks down Hydrogen Peroxide into Oxygen and Water.
Large molecules are formed through a variety of chemical reactions, such as polymerization or condensation reactions. To break these molecules down, typically a hydrolysis reaction is needed, where water is used to break the bonds holding the large molecules together.
Larger molecules become smaller molecules by chemical reactions referred to as decomposition reactions. These can be as simple as oxidation, or as complex as catalyzed reduction of hydrocarbons (oil). The chemical reactions can be triggered by other reactive chemicals, by catalysts, or by the addition of energy (heat, electric current). They can be spontaneous or be deliberate, and they can sometimes be self-sustaining, as in a cascade reaction.
An exergonic reaction is a catabolic reaction where large molecules are split into smaller molecules in processes such as hydrolysis.
The organelle that breaks down food into molecules the cell can use is the lysosome. It contains enzymes that break down large molecules into smaller components that can be used by the cell for energy or building materials.