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How does tcp handle data sequencing?
TCP Breaks User Data Into Segments, Numbers Each Segment, Places Them In The Correct Sequence, And Sends Each In Order, Waiting For An Acknowledgement Before Sending The Next Segment.
What does the window field in a TCP segment indicate?
It indicates the "number of bytes the device is willing to accept".
Fastest in between telnet ftp and tcp?
tcp
Why does the TCP header have a header length field and UDP header does not?
in tcp header (32 bits) we have a field that is called options and padding that has variable in length and the header length shows the actual header size i.e size of 20 octets+size of options and padding field and in UDP we dont have any field like that and its header is fixed of 8 OCTETS (32 bits header size) refrence: WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS by William Stallings Second Edition pg 91(see fig)
Which OSI layer does TCP operate?
TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols; the OSI layer is layer 4 (transport)
What is the difference between a segment and a datagram?
A setgement, which is also known as a TCP segment is something that is created based on an application layer of data. An IP datagram is something generated which contains the TCP segment. The segment is located in the payload section.
Which protocol is encapsulated inside the TCP segment?
HTTP
The function of the checksum field in a TCP header?
The checksum field in a TCP header is used to verify the integrity of the TCP segment during transmission. It checks for errors that may have occurred in the data, ensuring that the segment received is the same as the one sent. The checksum is calculated over the TCP header and the data payload, and the receiver recalculates the checksum to confirm its accuracy. If the checksums do not match, the segment is considered corrupted and is typically discarded.
How does tcp handle data sequencing?
TCP Breaks User Data Into Segments, Numbers Each Segment, Places Them In The Correct Sequence, And Sends Each In Order, Waiting For An Acknowledgement Before Sending The Next Segment.
If the IP header is 20 bytes how big is the TCP segment encapsulated by this header?
The size of a TCP segment encapsulated by an IP header does not have a fixed size and can vary based on the data being transmitted. However, the maximum size of a TCP segment is typically constrained by the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of the network, which is commonly around 1500 bytes for Ethernet. Given that the IP header is 20 bytes, the maximum TCP segment size would be approximately 1480 bytes if there are no additional headers or options. In practice, the exact size would depend on the TCP header size and any options included.
Which tcp segment header field controls the termination of a session?
code bits
What is the TCP Reno algorithm?
TCP doesn't immediately acknowledge every single received TCP segment. If a single segment is received it is necessary to wait for 100-200ms on the assumption that the receiving application will probably generate a response of some kind. But if there is delay in sending acknowledgement by the receiver then the network is delayed.
Is it possible for a single TCP segment to carry two distinct HTTP request messages?
no
What does the window field in a TCP segment indicate?
It indicates the "number of bytes the device is willing to accept".
How does TCP handle segment loss?
TCP handles segment loss through a combination of acknowledgments, timeouts, and retransmission. When a sender transmits a segment, it expects an acknowledgment (ACK) from the receiver; if the ACK is not received within a specific timeout period, the sender assumes the segment is lost and retransmits it. Additionally, TCP employs mechanisms like fast retransmit, which triggers retransmission of lost segments based on duplicate ACKs received, allowing for quicker recovery without waiting for a timeout. This robust handling of segment loss ensures reliable data transmission over the network.
How the operating system knows the difference between tcp and udp packet?
The "packets" are actually called "segments" in the case of layer 4 (i.e., TCP or UDP).When creating an IP packet, a host (computer, or other equipment that participates in a communication) adds information to the "protocol" field. This indicates whether the IP packet transports a TCP segment, a UDP segment, or some other kind of information.The "packets" are actually called "segments" in the case of layer 4 (i.e., TCP or UDP).When creating an IP packet, a host (computer, or other equipment that participates in a communication) adds information to the "protocol" field. This indicates whether the IP packet transports a TCP segment, a UDP segment, or some other kind of information.The "packets" are actually called "segments" in the case of layer 4 (i.e., TCP or UDP).When creating an IP packet, a host (computer, or other equipment that participates in a communication) adds information to the "protocol" field. This indicates whether the IP packet transports a TCP segment, a UDP segment, or some other kind of information.The "packets" are actually called "segments" in the case of layer 4 (i.e., TCP or UDP).When creating an IP packet, a host (computer, or other equipment that participates in a communication) adds information to the "protocol" field. This indicates whether the IP packet transports a TCP segment, a UDP segment, or some other kind of information.
Why are port numbers included in the TCP header of a segment?
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
