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At PepsiCo, decision-making occurs at three primary levels: strategic, tactical, and operational. Strategic decisions are made by top management, focusing on long-term goals and overall direction, such as Mergers and Acquisitions or market expansion. Tactical decisions are handled by middle management, translating strategies into actionable plans, such as marketing campaigns or product development. Operational decisions are made by lower-level management and staff, dealing with day-to-day activities and ensuring efficient execution of plans.
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How information system serve different levels in organisation?
Information is needed for decision making at all levels of management.Managers at different organizational levels make differenct types of decisions, control different types of processes, and have different information needs.Three classical levels of management include:strategictactical (middle)operational.
Describe how information system serve different levels in organisation?
Information is needed for decision making at all levels of management.Managers at different organizational levels make differenct types of decisions, control different types of processes, and have different information needs.Three classical levels of management include:strategictactical (middle)operational.
What includes levels of hierarchy?
A hierarchy includes different levels of authority or importance within an organization or system. Each level has its own set of responsibilities and decision-making power, with higher levels typically having more authority than lower levels. Hierarchy helps to establish clarity in reporting relationships and promote efficient communication and decision-making.
What is meant by household decision making how can different members of the household be involved with the different stages of the decision process in the purchase of a car?
what is meant by household decision making how can different members of the household be involveld with the different stages of the decision process in the purchase of a car
What is the significance of cognitive hierarchy in understanding human decision-making processes?
The cognitive hierarchy is important in understanding how humans make decisions because it helps us see how different levels of thinking, such as instinctual reactions, logical reasoning, and emotional responses, all play a role in the decision-making process. By recognizing these different levels, we can better understand why people make the choices they do and how to influence those choices.
What are the three levels of decision making?
1. Risk 2. Capital 3. Resources
What is a structural change that pushes decision making down to lower levels of the organizationhat?
Decentralizing
Distinguish between centralisation and decentralisation?
Centralization is the process where the concentration of decision making is in a few hands. It is the consistent reservation of authority. Decentralization, on the other hand, is a systematic delegation of authority at all management levels.
What are the levels of MIS?
The levels of Management Information Systems (MIS) are operational, tactical, and strategic. Operational MIS supports daily decision-making at the operational level, tactical MIS aids middle management in short-term planning and decision-making, and strategic MIS assists top management with long-term strategic planning and decision-making.
Is rational decision making different from decision making?
Rational decision making is a type of decision making that involves a systematic process of evaluating options based on logic and facts to achieve the best outcome. Decision making, on the other hand, is a broader term that encompasses all processes involved in choosing between different alternatives, which may or may not always be rational.
What is the hierarchical structure of the church and how does it impact decision-making within the organization?
The hierarchical structure of the church is typically organized with a top leader, such as a pope or bishop, overseeing lower levels of clergy and laity. This structure impacts decision-making by centralizing authority and power at the top, with decisions often flowing downward from leadership to lower levels. This can lead to a more centralized decision-making process and potentially limit input from lower levels of the organization.
What are the different approaches which can be applied in decision making?
What are the different approaches which can be applied in each condition?
