Government owned oil companies in India suffer losses as the prices of petroleum products are administered by the government. Even when the oil prices increase the government is not in a position to rise the prices automatically due to fear of loss of popularity. So the government issued oil bonds to cover the losses or to put it simply the loss was covered by the government without paying a single rupee from its funds. The oil companies can raise loans against the bonds but can they cash the same is a moot question.
callable bonds
treasury bonds are risk free bonds.
The different options available for investing in bonds include government bonds, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and bond funds. Government bonds are issued by the government, corporate bonds are issued by companies, municipal bonds are issued by local governments, and bond funds are investment funds that pool money from multiple investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of bonds.
bonds
similar to other forms of surety bonds, bid bonds are callable on demand.
Unsaturated in chemistry means that there are either carbon-carbon double bonds or triple bonds present in the compound. The oil is usually taken to be a naturally occuring vegetable oil which may be fat, a fatty acid- the term is very broad. In these there are only carbon-carbon double bonds. The oil could also be a mineral oil, - i.e. an alkene or alkyne.
Oil typically consists of nonpolar covalent bonds. These bonds are formed when carbon and hydrogen atoms share electrons, resulting in a stable arrangement. The nonpolar nature of the bonds contributes to oil's hydrophobic properties.
Double bonds are found in canola oil but not in butter. Canola oil is rich in unsaturated fats, which contain double bonds in their chemical structure. On the other hand, butter is high in saturated fats, which do not contain double bonds.
burning oil causes bonds to break between the oil's molecules which releases energy
An unsaturated oil contains covalent bonding, specifically double bonds between carbon atoms in the fatty acid chains. These double bonds create kinks in the chain, giving the oil a liquid consistency at room temperature.
Mineral oil is a saturated hydrocarbon, primarily composed of straight-chain or branched alkanes. It does not contain unsaturated bonds, which are characteristic of compounds with double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. Therefore, mineral oil is considered a fully saturated compound with no unsaturation in its structure.
Oil has chemical potential energy, as it stores energy in its molecular bonds. When these bonds are broken through combustion, the energy is released in the form of heat and light.
ester linkage
Both of them are just very similar I think.
palm oil and peanut oil
Some household items that contain non-polar covalent bonds are cooking oil, plastic containers, and gasoline. These substances consist of molecules with similar electronegativities, leading to shared electron pairs and non-polar covalent bonds.
An oil with one or more double bonds in the fatty acid is known as a polyunsaturated oil. This type of oil is liquid at room temperature and is considered heart-healthy because it can help lower cholesterol levels when consumed in place of saturated fats. Examples include soybean oil, corn oil, and sunflower oil.