nacl diffuse in plasma membrane because there are protein channels that allows certain ions to diffuse around the membrane, like sodium and chloride ions, please note that these channel proteins are selectively permeable meaning sodium channels only allow sodium to enter the cell and so on...
urea diffuses into the pm the same way through facilitated diffusion of certain protein channels
glucose diffuse into the pm as a part of secondary active transport, which means it uses ATP indirectly. it diffuses in the process called symport
No, not really. Diffusion works when molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. They move independently of one another. So even if you have a high level of NaCl, the glucose concentration will diffuse in the same manner.
During dialysis, urea, creatinine, excess electrolytes (such as potassium or sodium), and excess fluid are some of the solutes that typically diffuse from the patient's blood into the dialysis solution.
urea
These substances have different molecular sizes and charges, which can affect their ability to penetrate the cell membrane. For example, glucose and urea are small molecules and can easily pass through the membrane, causing osmosis to occur. In contrast, NaCl, ammonium chloride, and larger molecules may not pass through as easily and lead to different osmotic effects on RBCs.
In general, smaller solutes tend to diffuse faster than larger ones. Among the options provided, sodium chloride (NaCl) would move fastest due to its smaller molecular size and the fact that it dissociates into ions (Na⁺ and Cl⁻) in solution, enhancing its diffusion rate. Albumin, being a larger protein, would move much slower compared to the other solutes, while glucose and urea are intermediate in size and would diffuse more slowly than NaCl but faster than albumin.
nephrons
Urea has a molecular weight lower than 20 MWCO, so it should be able to diffuse through a 20 MWCO membrane. If urea is not able to diffuse through a 20 MWCO membrane, it may be due to factors like the membrane being damaged or having a different pore size than expected, or the presence of additional physical or chemical barriers that prevent urea diffusion.
NaCl will not harm RNA. In fact, it is sometimes used as an elution buffer for RNA-Urea gels.
i = isotonic molar [glucose] / isotonic molar [NaCl] i = 14 M / 7 M = 2 i = isotonic molar [glucose] / isotonic molar [NaCl] i = 14 M / 7 M = 2 i = isotonic molar [glucose] / isotonic molar [NaCl] i = 14 M / 7 M = 2 i = isotonic molar [glucose] / isotonic molar [NaCl] i = 14 M / 7 M = 2
Glucose
No it does not
no it does not