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This is the Glycolysis pathway Glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate and lactate, occurs in the cell cytoplasm): Glucose + 2 ATP + 4 ADP + 2 NAD -> 2 Pyruvate + 2 ADP + 4 ATP + 2 NADH + energy. Oxidation of glucose is known as glycolysis. Glucose is oxidized to either lactate or pyruvate. Under aerobic conditions, the dominant product in most tissues is pyruvate and the pathway is known as aerobic glycolysis. When oxygen is depleted, as for instance during prolonged vigorous exercise, the dominant glycolytic product in many tissues is lactate and the process is known as anaerobic glycolysis. "These studies demonstrate that orderly glycolysis in the erythrocyte is regulated by the NAD-to-NADH ratio and also provide a method that makes possible the in vitro study of erythrocyte glycolysis." The conversion of pyruvate to lactate, under anaerobic conditions, provides the cell with a mechanism for the oxidation of NADH (produced during the G3PDH reaction) to NAD which occurs during the LDH catalyzed reaction. This reduction is required since NAD is a necessary substrate for G3PDH, without which glycolysis will cease. Normally, during aerobic glycolysis the electrons of cytoplasmic NADH are transferred to mitochondrial carriers of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway generating a continuous pool of cytoplasmic NAD NADH
Wiki User
∙ 15y ago
Wiki User
∙ 9y agoGlycolysis is the process where sugars are broken down for energy. In an early step where glucose is converted to pyruvate, NAD is converted to NADH. In a later step, when pyruvate is converted t lactate NADH is restored to NAD.
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What is the relationship between glycolysis and fermentation?
The two processes, fermentation and glycolysis, use the same pathways to convert glucose to pyruvic acid (see related links). However, in yeast under anaerobic conditions, the alcohol fermentation process* differs by a single additional step, in which the pyruvic acid is converted to ethanol (ethyl alcohol). * This process differs from the fermentation that occurs within cells. Although the cellular process also uses the pyruvic acid from glycolisis, ethanol or lactic acid is commonly produced.
What does PGAL mean in science?
PGAL stands for PhosphoGlycerALdehyde , which is a compound produced in GLYCOLYSIS during aerobic respiration. It eventually forms 2 molecules of phosphoglyceric acid (PGA). Hydrogen atoms lost here are transferred to NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form reduced NAD ie, NAD.H2. Later on, the PGA is transformed to pyruvic acid (2 molecules), generating 4 molecules of ATP in the bargain. Hope this helped!
During glycolysis ATP is produced how many net molecules are formed?
Glycolysis produces 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 2 ATP [net]
The main purpose of reduction of pyruvate to lactate during fermentation is to?
Alcoholic fermentation occurs in organisms such as yeast, as produces ethyl alcohol. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in animals such as humans and produces lactic acid instead of alcohol.
How many pyruvic acid are formed during glycolysis?
The enzymes of glycolysis catalyze the splitting of glucose, a six carbon sugar, into two three carbon sugars. These are then oxidized and their atoms rearrangged to form two molecules of pyruvic acid
What happens when no NAD plus is present during glycolysis?
if NAD+ is not availabe, glycolysis will stop and the cell will DIE
What substance is a hydrogen carrier during glycolysis?
NAD+ carries hydrogen and, more importantly, an electron during glycolysis.
What molecule does fermentation provide to glycolysis?
Pyruvic acid is made during glycolysis and is later used in fermentation.
What is an important example of an electron acceptor that functions in glycolysis?
NAD+ is an important example of an electron acceptor that functions in glycolysis.
In glycolysis what is converted to two pyruvates?
One glucose molecule is converted to two pyruvate molecules during glycolysis.
What does fermentation replenish?
Answer: NAD+. Glycolysis requires a constant supplies of NAD+, which is used to produce NADH. In oxidative phosphorylation, the electron transfer chain will reduce the NADH to NAD+. Fermentation does the same task but in a slower fashion. NAD+ is essential for glycolysis.
Which is capable of being reduced during either glycolysis or the Krebs cycle?
NAD+ is capable of being reduced during both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. It helps in passing energy from glucose to other pathways in the cell.
What happens when NAD plus becomes NADH?
Nadh is the reduced form of Nad+. Nad+ acts as a oxidizing agent and can accept electrons in various chemical reactions in the cell.
What is the difference between NAD and NADH?
A NAD is an electron carrier involved in glycolysis and NADH is a hydrogen carrier involved in glycolysis.
During glycolysis NADH is formed when hydrogen atoms are transferred to an electron acceptor called?
NAD+
Glucose is converted to what during glycolysis?
Actually glucose is what sugar turns in to during glycolysis.
Can high levels of NADH and low levels of NAD plus stimulate glycolysis?
No it cannot. NADH inhibits glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain. HIGH levels of NAD however does stimulate glycolysis but High levels of NADH and low levels of NAD does not stimulate glycolysis but rather inhibits it.
