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AC means alternating current and DC means direct current.

The amplitude of AC voltage and current varies with time. Traditional AC electricity used in homes in the United States is a 60 Hertz sine wave. This means that 60 cycles of a sine wave occur every 1 second.

Since AC voltage varies with time, the amplitude at each instant is different. The voltage changes from 0 to +Vpeak to 0 to -Vpeak and so on. Since the amplitude is always changing, the voltage quoted for AC such as 120 Vac for US homes is an average known as the Root Mean Square (RMS). The general formula for determining the amplitude of the voltage at any given time is:

Vinst = Vpeak x sin(t)

where Vinst is the instantaneous voltage at time t, Vpeak is the peak voltage, and t is the time.

The relationship between Vrms and Vpeak for a sine wave is given by the formula Vrms = Vpeak / square root (2), so Vrms = Vpeak x 0.707

DC electricity does not vary with time. The voltage and current are constant at all times.

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