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☆☆☆☆☆To capture Jerusalem and gain control of the Holy Lands. However, eventually the Christian troops also extended the crusade to include taking Spain from the Moors and the Slavs from Eastern Europe.
The Magna Carta was a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England.
Magna Carta is Latin for "Great Charter". The document outlined rights which became part of English law and which are now the foundation of the constitution of all countries which speak English. It did not grant any new rights, but it did protect existing rights in writing. These rights included the basic right of anyone convicted of a crime to a jury trial; protection of private property; reasonable limits on taxes and a degree of guaranteed religious freedom. The Magna Carta was a significant influence on the long historical process that has resulted in the rule of constitutional law today.
The Magna Carta came about because King John (who only became king in 1199 when his brother King Richard I died) had a reputation for being tyrannical. His reign was marred by continuous war losses, beginning with the loss of Normandy to Philippe Auguste of France and ending with England torn by civil war. King John risked being forced out of power because of his mismanagement. By 1215, England's nobility was fed up with paying extra taxation. Members of this nobility rebelled and captured London. In June, the King met these barons at Runnymede on the River Thames to try and reach a peaceful settlement. The King reluctantly agreed to their demands by signing the Magna Carta on 15 June 1215. It was intended to limit the powers of the monarch and proclaimed certain liberties for "freemen".
Many later documents such as the US Constitution were based upon the Magna Carta.
Monasticism is a life of living apart from society in order to better worship.
They eliminated inconsistencies in the law. They made it easier for common people to know the laws.
It formalized the split between the Eastern and Western churches.
Christinanity and Islam.
There really is no good answer to this question. There were a number of pairs of religions that fought in Europe during the Middle Ages.
If you need a simple answer, the wars involving followers of Christianity and Islam are the more significant to historians. Nevertheless, wars between Christians and Pagans possibly involved more people and certainly extended over a longer time.
In the Early Middle Ages, wars between Christians and Pagans happened in what had been the West Roman Empire. They soon stopped there, but continued in central, northern, and eastern Europe. We might include Viking incursions into the rest of Europe in these. These wars in the North and East continued into the High Middle Ages, and were still going on after the last Crusades to the Holy Land.
Wars between Christians and Muslims happened in both the East and West. The wars in the East began as Muslims conquered much of what remained of the East Roman Empire, but they did not really arrive in Europe for some time after that, and were mostly confined to the Balkans. In the West, a different set of wars centered on Muslims who invaded territories that are now in Spain, Portugal, and France.
The digest
Merchants could protect themselves by banding together.
To reduce the threat of attacks
Oleg merged the Viking and Slavic culture. He gained control of Kiev. He signed a commercial agreement with the Byzantines.
Vikings
To demonstrate the glory of the empire~ A.P.E.X
An Internet search of the question found a possible answer could be that once the plague ended, it never returned to Europe.
Without seeing the multiple choices that were offered in the test, you could answer with almost anything.
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C. Respect for the Mongols
In a feudal society, serfs had to pay lords with crops
