0
What else can I help you with?
What is an anticalin?
An anticalin is any of a class of artificial proteins which are able to bind to antigens.
What does N1H1 stand for?
Hemagglutanin & Neurominadase are surface antigens. The number '1' refers to the specific sub-type of those antigens. The sub-types differ in their basic structure.
What is the difference between a class I MHC mechanism vs a class II MHC mechanism?
The Class I MHC molecules process endogenous(intracellular) peptides/antigens whereas the Class II process exogenous(extracellular) peptides/antigens. The Class I molecules are assembled and located in the ER whereas the Class II are assembled in the ER but located in the endosomes. When extracellular peptides are taken into the cell via receptor mediated endocytosis or phagocytosis, they will be transported into the endosomes and get degraded. This will enable the peptide generated to be loaded onto the Class II molecules. For Class I, when a bacteria or virus infect a cell, they will replicate and produce proteins. These proteins will be ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. This smaller peptides can then be transported into the ER via the TAP transporters, that are complexed with the Class I molecules, to be loaded onto the Class I molecules.
What class of macromolecule would antibodies belong?
Antibodies belong to the class of macromolecules known as proteins. They are Y-shaped proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances called antigens.
What molecule displays an antigen on the surface of the cells?
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules display antigens on the surface of cells. There are two main classes: MHC class I, which presents antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and MHC class II, which presents antigens to CD4+ helper T cells. These molecules play a crucial role in the immune response by enabling the recognition of foreign substances by T cells.
What functional class of membrane proteins do the immune system detect?
The immune system detects antigens which can be proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates displayed on the surface of cells. In terms of membrane proteins, the immune system detects antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on the surface of cells to distinguish between self and non-self molecules.
What role does the macrophage play in?
presents antigens of an engulfed pathogen in its class II MHC molecules to helper T cells, and releases IL-1
Where are Class II molecules found?
Presented by APCs as MHC-exogenous peptide complex
Class you MHC genes code for?
MHC genes code for the Major Histocompatibility Complex proteins. These proteins are essential for the immune system to distinguish self from non-self antigens and help in the presentation of antigens to T cells. The MHC genes are highly polymorphic, giving rise to diverse MHC proteins that enable recognition of a wide range of pathogens.
What causes plasma cells to produce antibodies?
Yes. Blood plasma is blood serum with the fibrinogens. Serum includes all proteins not used in blood clotting (coagulation) and all the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones, and any exogenous substances (e.g., drugs and microorganisms).
Are MHC 1 proteins found on most cells of the body?
Yes, MHC class I proteins are found on most nucleated cells in the body. They play a key role in presenting endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells for immune surveillance and response.
What are 'first class proteins'?
animal proteins are called first class proteins.
