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1st AnswerTrigonometry was used in the Middle ages to find projectile motion (where the rock would hit the castle) 2nd AnswerIn the Early Middle Ages, mathematics was done using Roman numerals. So a mathematician might spend a while figuring out that CCXLVII divided by XIX produced XIII. The work was painfully slow and painstaking. Geometry was easier, and followed Euclid fairly well, and was known through this time as the Romans had used it. Math was used in engineering, and the Romanesque architecture of the Early Middle Ages depended upon it.

The High Middle Ages brought a huge increase in the study of mathematics and in the abilities of mathematicians because of the introduction of practices developed in Islamic countries in the East and introduced to Europe primarily through Spain. These included the use of Arabic numerals, which replaced the very clunky Roman system and remain in use today. Algebra was developed by Islamic people, as was algebraic geometry, from its rudimentary beginnings in Greece. These developments, and others, made it possible for Medieval mathematicians to do easily what Roman mathematicians had not dreamed of, and engineering developed as a result.

During the High Middle Ages, universities started to open, and these really got into full swing in the Late Middle Ages. It was during the time of transition from the one to the other that the first secular degrees, such as degrees in mathematics, were offered. The development of such subjects as astronomy, in the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance, depended to a large extent on work done in this time.

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