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From the 1st to the 4th century AD Germanic peoples attacked both the western and the eastern parts of the Roman Empire to carry out raids or for attempted invasions which were repelled.

In 406 the Vandals, Sueves, Burgundians (Germanic speakers) and the Alans (Iranian speakers) from central Europe crossed the frozen river Rhine and invaded Gaul. They then established their own kingdoms in former lands of the western part of the Roman Empire. These invasions were more than just military attacks. They were migrations of whole peoples in search for new lands. The invasion of Eastern Europe by the Huns created a population squeeze in central Europe and these peoples needed new lands.

The Alemanni of southern Germany took advantage of these invasions to take over Alsace (in north-eastern France) and Switzerland.

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