The lands between Europe and the Indies were the land of Islam. It is contrary
to the followers of Islam to allow "unbelievers" to come through their land. The
bitterness of the Crusades of 1096 and afterward, were just a reminder to the
Muslim world that the encroachment of these other nations was not in their best interest.
The resulting stability brought by Mongol rule opened these ancient trade routes to a largely undisturbed exchange of goods between peoples from Europe to East Asia. Along the Silk Road, people traded goods such as horses, porcelain, jewels, silk, paper, and gun powder.
Early Europeans did not travel overland to obtain spices mainly due to the presence of powerful empires and hostile territories that controlled the trade routes, such as the Ottoman Empire. Additionally, overland routes were long, perilous, and often faced logistical challenges, including harsh terrains and banditry. Consequently, many Europeans sought maritime routes to bypass these obstacles and access spices directly from their sources in Asia. This desire for a more efficient and safer route ultimately led to significant maritime exploration.
Europeans sought all water routes to the Orient primarily for trade, aiming to access valuable goods such as spices, silk, and precious metals. Direct maritime routes would reduce reliance on overland trade and intermediaries, decreasing costs and increasing profits. Additionally, the desire for new trade opportunities and the competition among European powers fueled exploration efforts to establish direct connections with Asia. Overall, these routes were seen as essential for economic expansion and national prestige.
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Persian roads
Overland trade routes were closed for various reasons, including conflicts between regions or countries, political instability, natural disasters blocking the routes, and the rise of maritime trade routes that offered faster and more efficient transportation of goods. These closures disrupted trade and had economic impacts on the regions affected.
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Ones which go by land rather than waterways.
Europe lost access to overland trade routes to Asia.
Europe lost access to overland trade routes to Asia
The countries of the old world were looking for new trade routes to replace the difficult and dangerous overland routes such as the silk road.
overland route from san francisco to boston
Europe lost access to overland trade routes to Asia.
There are numerous trade routes worldwide, with the most significant being maritime, air, and land routes. Major maritime trade routes include the Strait of Malacca, the Suez Canal, and the Panama Canal, while key land routes include the Silk Road and various overland corridors in Europe and Asia. The exact number of trade routes can vary significantly depending on definitions and criteria, but thousands of routes facilitate global trade today.
Venice in Italy was a city known for being a center for overland and water trade routes. Its strategic location along the Adriatic Sea and its network of canals made it a major hub for trade between Europe and the East.
The collapse of the Mongol Empire in the 1300s disrupted the overland Silk Road trade routes across Central Asia. Traders turned to the sea routes instead.