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The precedent of the Holy Roman Empire was the Carolingian empire established by Charlemagne in 800. This empire covered France, Italy and Germany, which at the time included Holland, Luxembourg, eastern France, Switzerland, Austria, and Bohemia (the Czech Republic). This empire ended in 888 when the Carolingian dynasty died out. In Germany there was lack of unity and a lot of fighting between the princes. France broke away and Italy came under the control of other rulers. Henry I the Fowler managed to restore royal control over Germany. His son Otto I strengthened central control in Germany. In 961 he conquered Italy and restored the old empire minus France. He was crowned emperor by the pope and named himself Holy Roman Emperor, modelling himself on Charlemagne who had been given the title of Roman Emperor. His empire was called Holy Roman Empire.

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12y ago

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