Mendez v. Westminster
Plessy v. Ferguson
With references to previous laws and rulings- apex!:)
It was the Fourteenth Amendment that the supreme court denied ruling in state affairs. You are welcome for a better answer that the last one. Maybe people can come to their sense sometimes.
Technically, states are the entity administering the requirements surrounding the issuance and rulings/laws relating to firearms. The Second Amendment is a Federal constitutional instrument.
The Privileges or Immunities clause of the 14th Amendment was meant to protect citizens from violation of rights due to state interference. This Clause prevents discrimination against people from out of state in regards to basic rights. They mainly focus on a person's right to own a living.
The most prominent laws and rulings of the 1950's dealt with integration and "Jim Crow" or "separate but equal". Laws concerning the mentally ill also came to the forefront.
the guarantees of freedom
Yes, the First Amendment protects corporations' freedom of speech, as established by the Supreme Court in various rulings that have recognized corporations as having the right to free speech.
Whenever a U. S. President is in violation of the law as interpreted by the U. S. Supreme Court (or even if he/she is in violation of a law that the Supreme Court has not tested), it is the responsibility of Congress to impeach him/her.
Freedom of speech.
The 14th Amendment, specifically its Equal Protection Clause, was often misinterpreted to justify segregation for decades. Following the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the "separate but equal" doctrine was established, allowing racial segregation to persist under the guise of providing equal facilities. This interpretation of the 14th Amendment facilitated systemic discrimination until it was challenged and ultimately overturned by later rulings, such as Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
A number of US Supreme Court cases upheld segregation in the years following ratification of the "Restoration Amendments" (Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth), which were intended to extend African-Americans civil rights. The three primary landmark cases included:The Slaughter-House Cases, 83 US 36 (1873)Held that Congress could not apply the Fourteenth Amendment to the States via the Privileges and Immunities Clause.Civil Rights Cases, 109 US 3 (1883)Invalidated the Civil Rights Act of 1875 as unconstitutional on the grounds Congress lacked the authority to enforce provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment against private citizens and businesses.Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 (1896)Upheld as constitutional the Louisiana Separate Car Act (Act 111), allowing the state to provide "separate but equal" facilities (specifically train cars, in this case) for African-Americans and whites.For more information, see Related Questions, below.