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The First Punic War arose from Rome's ambition to expand beyond the Italian peninsula into Sicily, where Carthage was trying to impose control. The two had been allies until this confrontation. Rome won the war and imposed heavy financial penalties on Carthage, and gained control of

The Second Punic War arose from Carthages move to contol more territory in Spain, which clashed with Rome's attempts to expand its influence there. Carthage invaded Italy and put Rome on the defensive. It was eventually ended by Rome invading North Africa and captured Carthage. It imposed a heavy 50-year annual financial penalty designed to paralyse the city-state.

However a resilient Carthage paid it off after 10 years, and so Rome looked to a permanent termination of Carthage's challenge, resulting in the Third Punic War and Carthage's elimination.

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Q: What were the causes and outcomes (results) of the First Punic War and of the Second Punic War?
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