We believe that G-D created the world in 6 days and on the 7th day he rested. So technically Jews are supposed to not work (as defined by the Rabbi's) on Friday evenings and Saturdays.
Added:
The second reason for observing Shabbat can be found in Deuteronomy. It says,
"remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the Lord, your God brought you forth from there with a mighty hand and with an outstretched arm; therefore the Lord your God commanded you to observe the Sabbath day."
So it is also an exercise of a free people to refrain from work because they can.
Because God commanded them to.
It was God who sanctified the Sabbath (Genesis ch.2); and we affirm that by our Sabbath-observance.
Because it is one of the commandments in the Torah. Exodus 20:8-11.
All Sabbath-observers keep the Sabbath holy; and Hassidim are among them.
The Torah establishes the Sabbath with commandments to keep the Sabbath day, to remember the Sabbath day, and constraining what may be done on the Sabbath. And, in the Jewish liturgy that emerged from this framework, the Sabbath morning service includes a Torah reading where, traditionally, about 1/52 of the Torah is read, so that over the course of the year, every Jew who attends Sabbath services on a regular basis will hear (and, we hope, learn from) the entire Torah.
The scheduling of the Jewish Sabbath is completely unrelated to the moon, and takes place during all of the moon's phases. The Sabbath takes place once every seven days, on Saturday.
It's mostly Orthodox Jews.
He violated Orthodox Jewish Law by working.
If you're Jewish and that matters to you, then you do.
Yes and no. The Jewish word for Sabbath is "Shabbat." Christians just say Sabbath.
The Jewish people keep their sabbath on saturday, Christians keep it on Sunday. the day God took rest after creating the world. Roman Emperor Constantine in the 4th century commanded that all must now keep the day of The Sun. He was a sun worshiper. So to please the Romans they merge the two religion. They changed the day of the Sabbath and they introduced the trinity to the religion of Jesus Christ.
The Jews were the only ones commanded to keep the Sabbath.
Wine.
The Sabbath- from Dusk on Friday to Saturday
They usually go to the synagogue, as this is their day of worship (Sabbath).
Saturday is the Sabbath and the Jewish day of rest, no work is allowed to be done on the Sabbath.
No. The sabbath is the Jewish day of rest.
Firstly, in this question there is a misunderstanding of the 'day' of the Jewish Sabbath. Saturday is commonly believed among non-Jews to be the Sabbath. This is incorrect. The Jewish days begin at sundown. The Jewish Sabbath begins at the start of the seventh day of the week. Therefore, the Jewish Sabbath begins Friday at sundown and continues until one hour after sundown on Saturday. If one lives in a city where the sun sets at 3 p.m. on Friday, then the Sabbath begins at 3 p.m. on Friday and continues until 4 p.m. Saturday. If the sun sets at noon on Friday...; etc. Now, to answer the question. Jewish people cannot use a phone (to receive a call or to make a call) on the Sabbath. Once the Sabbath has passed, yes, a Jew can use the phone.
Tefillin is not worn on the Sabbath and Jewish holidays.
During the Holocaust, Oscar Schindler saved the lives of the Jewish people who worked for him in his factory. For Jews, the Sabbath (called "Shabbat" in Hebrew or "Shabbos" in Yiddish) is from Sundown Friday night to Sundown Saturday night. The sabbath is the day of rest, and Schindler allowed his Jewish workers to observe their sabbath.